2007年11月翻译资格考试二级英语笔译实务真题及答案

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2007 年 11 月翻译资格考试二级英语笔译实务真题及答案

第一部分英译汉必译题

Milton Friedman, Free Markets Theorist, Dies at 94.

Milton Friedman, the grandmaster of free-market economic theory in the postwar

era and a prime force in the movement of nations toward less government and

greater reliance on individual responsibility, died today in San Francisco,

where he lived. He was 94.

Conservative and liberal colleagues alike viewed Mr. Friedman, a Nobel prize

laureate,as one of the 20th century‟s leading economic scholars, on a par with

giants like John Maynard Keynes and Paul Samuelson.

Flying the flag of economic conservatism, Mr. Friedman led the postwar

challenge to the hallowed theories of Lord Keynes, the British economist who

maintained that governments had a duty to help capitalistic economies through

periods of recession and to prevent boom times from exploding into high

inflation.

In Professor Friedman‟s view, government had the opposite obligation: to keep

its hands off the economy, to let the free market do its work.

The only economic lever that Mr. Friedman would allow government to use was the

one that controlled the supply of money — a monetarist view that had gone out

of favor when

he embraced it in the 1950s. He went on to record a signal achievement,

predicting the unprecedented combination of rising unemployment and rising

inflation that came to be called stagflation. His work earned him the Nobel

Memorial Prize in Economic Science in 1976.

Rarely, his colleagues said, did anyone have such impact on both his own

profession and on government. Though he never served officially in the halls of

power, he was always around them, as an adviser and theorist.

“Among economic scholars, Milton Friedman had no peer,” Ben S. Bernanke, the

Federal Reserve chairman, said today. “The direct and indirect influences of

his thinking on contemporary monetary economics would be difficult to

overstate.”

Alan Greenspan, the former Federal Reserve chairman, said of Mr. Friedman in an

interview on Tuesday. “From a longer-term point of view, it‟s his academic

achievements which will have lasting import. But I would not dismiss the

profound impact he has already had on the American public‟s view.”

Mr. Friedman had a gift for communicating complicated ideas in simple and lucid

ways, and it served him well as the author or co-author of more than a dozen

books, as a columnist for Newsweek from 1966 to 1983 and even as the star of a

public television series.

参考译文：

著名经济学家米尔顿•弗里德曼今天在旧金山去世，享年 94 岁。米尔顿•弗里德曼生前住

在旧金山，是二战后“自由市场经济”教父，曾大力倡导各国减少政府干预，强调市场个

体责任。

保守派和自由派经济学家都一致认为曾获诺贝尔奖的弗里德曼是二十世纪最具影响力的经

济学家之一，与约翰•梅纳德•凯恩斯和保罗•萨缪尔森比肩齐名。

二战后，弗里德曼高举经济保守主义的大旗，向凯恩斯理论发起挑战。凯恩斯勋爵是英国

经济学家，主张在资本主义国家中政府有责任帮助摆脱经济衰退，防止经济过热引发高通

胀。当时，凯恩斯的理论被奉若神明。

弗里德曼教授认为，政府的职责与凯恩斯理论恰恰相反，即，政府不应干预经济，而应让

自由市场自行运转，无为而治。在弗里德曼看来，政府唯一可用的干预杠杆就是控制货币

供应。在二十世纪五十年代他认同这一货币学派观点时，这一观点早已不受推崇。之后，弗

里德曼取得了一项重大成就，准确预测出了所谓滞涨的出现，即，失业率不断攀升与通货

膨胀不断加剧两种现象同时发生，这在当时是一种前所未有的现象。他因此获得了 1976

年的诺贝尔经济学奖。

弗里德曼的同事们称，像弗里德曼这样对经济学界和政府都能产生重大影响的人可谓凤毛

麟角。弗里德曼从未在政府部门任职，但是他却常常作为顾问和专家成为政府的座上宾。

美联储主席本•伯南克今天在悼词中称，“米尔顿 •弗里德曼在经济学界无出其右，堪称

翘楚，他对当代货币经济学的直接和间接影响之大，难以言表。”

前美联储主席艾伦•格林斯潘周二接受采访时谈到了弗里德曼，他说，“从更长远的角度

来看，能够真正产生深远影响的是他的学术成就，不过必须指出，他对美国大众舆论已经

产生了深刻影响。”

弗里德曼阐释观点时能做到深入浅出、浅显易懂，也正因如此，他编著或合著了十几本书

在 1966 年至 1983 年期间担任《新闻周刊》的专栏作家，甚至成为公共电视系列节目的明

星嘉宾。

英译汉选译题选译题一

PANAMA CITY: Voters were expected Sunday to approve the largest modernization

project in the 92-year history of the Panama Canal, a $5.25 billion plan to

expand the waterway to allow for larger ships while alleviating traffic

problems.

The government of President Martín Torrijos has billed the referendum as

historic, saying the work would double the capacity of a canal already on pace

to generate about $1.4 billion in revenue this year. Critics claim the

expansion would benefit the canal's customers more than Panamanians, and worry

that costs could balloon, forcing this debt- ridden country to borrow even

more.

The project would build a third set of locks on the Pacific and Atlantic ends

of the canal by 2015, allowing it to handle modern container ships, cruise

liners and tankers too large for its locks, which are 33 meters, or 108 feet,

wide.

The Panama Canal Authority, the autonomous government agency that runs the

canal, says the project would be paid for by increasing tolls and would

generate $6 billion in revenue by 2025.

There is nothing Panamanians are more passionate about than the canal.

"It's incomparable in the hemisphere," said Samuel Lewis Navarro, the country's

vice president and foreign secretary. "It's in our heart, part of our soul."

Public opinion polls indicate that the plan would be approved overwhelmingly.

Green and white signs throughout the country read "Yes for our children," while

tens of thousands of billboards and bumper stickers trumpet new jobs.

"The canal needs you," television and radio ads implore.

"It will mean more boats, and that means more jobs," said Damasco Polanco, who

was herding cows on horseback in Nuevo Provedencia, on the banks of Lake Gatún,

an artificial reservoir that supplies water to the canal.

The canal employs 8,000 workers and the expansion is expected to generate as

many as 40,000 new jobs. Unemployment in Panama is 9.5 percent, and 40 percent

of the country lives in poverty.

But critics fear that the expansion could cost nearly double the government's

estimate, as well as stoke corruption and uncontrolled debt.

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