2015年11月翻译资格考试三级英语笔译真题及答案

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2015 年 11 月翻译资格考试三级英语笔译真题及答案

Section 1 English-Chinese Translation (50 points)

Translate the following passage into Chinese.

The Republic of Ireland is a sovereign state in Western Europe, occupying about

five-sixths of the island of Ireland. The capital and largest city is Dublin,

whose metropolitan area is home to around a third of the country’s 4.6 million

inhabitants. The state shares its only land border with Northern Ireland. It is

a unitary, parliamentary republic with an elected president serving as head of

state. The head of government is nominated by the lower house of parliament.

Following the Irish War of Independence and the subsequent Anglo-Irish Treaty,

Ireland gained independence from the United Kingdom in 1922. Initially a

dominion, Ireland received official British recognition of full legislative

independence in the Statute of Westminster of 1931. A new constitution was

adopted in 1937, by which the name of the state became “Ireland.” In 1949,

Ireland was declared a republic under the Republic of Ireland act 1948.

Ireland ranks among the wealthiest countries in the world in terms of GDP per

capita. In 1973, Ireland enacted a series of liberal economic policies that

resulted in rapid economic growth, coupled with a dramatic rise in inequality.

The country achieved considerable prosperity from 1995 to 2007. This was halted

by an unprecedented financial crisis that began in 2008, in conjunction with

the concurrent global economic crash.

In 2011 and 2013 Ireland was ranked as the seventh-most developed country in

the world by the United Nations Human Development Index. It also performs well

in several metrics of national performance, including freedom of the press,

economic freedom and civil liberties. It pursues a policy of neutrality through

non-alignment.

The population of Ireland stood at 4,588,252 in 2011, an increase of 8.2

percent since 2006. As of 2011, Ireland had the highest birth rate in the

European Union (16 births per 1,000 of population). In 2012, 35.1 percent of

births were to unmarried women. Annual population growth rates exceeded 2

percent during the 2002-2006 period, which was attributed to high rates of

natural increase and immigration. This rate declined somewhat during the

subsequent 2006-2011 period, with an average growth rate of 1.6 percent.

Ireland ranks fifth in the world in terms of gender equality. In 2011, Ireland

was ranked the most charitable country in Europe, and second most charitable in

the world. Contraception was controlled in Ireland until 1979, however, the

receding influence of the Catholic Church has led to an increasingly

secularized society . In 1983, the Eighth Amendment recognized “the right to

life of the unborn”, subject to qualifications concerning the “equal right to

life” of the mother. The passage of the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Amendments

guarantees the right to have an abortion performed abroad, and the right to

learn about “services” that are illegal in Ireland, but legal abroad. The

prohibition on divorce in the 1937 Constitution was repealed in 1995 under the

Fifteenth Amendment. Divorce rates in Ireland are very low compared to European

Union averages while the marriage rate in Ireland is slightly above the

European Union average.

Capital punishment is constitutionally banned in Ireland, while discrimination

based on age, gender, sexual orientation, marital or familial status, religion

and race is illegal.

Ireland became the first country in the world to introduce an environmental

levy for plastic shopping bags in 2002 and a public smoking ban in 2004.

Recycling in Ireland is carried out extensively and Ireland has the second

highest rate of packaging recycling in the European Union.

参考译文:

爱尔兰共和国是西欧的一个主权国家，其国土面积为爱尔兰岛的六分之五。爱尔兰的首都

和最大城市是都柏林，该国 460 万人口中约三分之一居住在这座大都市。唯一与爱尔兰在陆

地上接壤的是英国的北爱尔兰。爱尔兰是中央集权的议会制共和国，总统为国家元首，由

选举产生。爱尔兰总理由议会下议院选出。

在爱尔兰独立战争和随后签署的《英爱条约》之后，爱尔兰于 1922 年脱离联合王国获得独

立。独立之初的爱尔兰只是一块（仍受应该控制的）自治领，在 1931 英国议会通过《威斯

敏斯特条例》后，爱尔兰才获得英国对其立法独立的正式承认。1937 年爱尔兰实施了一部新

宪法，这部宪法规定该国的名称为“爱尔兰”。在 1949 年，《爱尔兰共和国法案 1948》获得

通过，爱尔兰宣布成为一个共和国。

以人均 GDP 计算，爱尔兰位居世界最富裕国家行列。1973 年，爱尔兰通过了一系列自由经

济政策，这促进了经济的快速增长，同时社会不平等问题加剧。1995 年到 2007 年，该国经

济欣欣向荣。但其经济良好态势被 2008 年爆发的史无前例的金融危机所中断，与此同时全

球经济也遭受重挫。

在 2011 年和 2013 年的《联合国人类发展指数报告》中，爱尔兰位列最发达国家第七位。并

且该国在国家发展的其他几个指标方面表现突出，包括媒体自由、经济自由和公民自由方

面。该国奉行不结盟的中立外交政策。

2011 年，爱尔兰人口为 4588252 人，自 2006 年来增加了 8.2%。截止 2011 年，爱尔兰的出

生率为欧盟最高（每千人每年出生 16 名婴儿）。2012 年，爱尔兰 35.1%的新生儿为未婚女

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