2018年5月翻译资格二级英语口译实务真题

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2018 年 5 月翻译资格二级英语口译实务真题

英译汉

Passage 1

亚洲国家经济增长

Ladies and gentlemen, today there are more than 95% of the Asian countries that

are middle income countries, compared to less than 10% twenty years ago. Such

drastic change is due to the rapid economic growth of China, India, Indonesia

and other Asian countries. Now the challenge faced by Asia, a region that is

largely middle-income countries is how to transition into high income

economies. The experience of other developing nations for the past 50 years has

shown that, such transition is not easy. Brazil and Columbia have remained at

the middle income status for decades and never moved up further. At the same

time, Singapore has transitioned from the middle income level to high income

level in only 25 years has also shown that this can be done.

Investment in infrastructure is key to countries to follow through this

transition. However, countries have to step up their efforts in productivity

promotion, meaning that it has to make sure the good use of input instead of

only focusing the amount of input. For the past 10 years productivity growth

accounted for 30% of economic growth. Innovation is what needs to be promoted

together with high-quality infrastructure as well as human capital. Innovation

is getting more and more important as a country develops its economy. It helps

with creating new products and more values in products, in turn will even

further economic development and increase wage level.

Higher quality of human capital means more skilled and more knowledgeable work

force, which is the foundation of any economy. Enhancing the quality of human

capital is going to boost growth and equity. A recent study has shown that 20%

increase in human capital investment will lead to 3% of productivity growth and

narrowing the income gap by 4%. Workers in middle income countries have an

average of six years of schooling. That is why countries need to close such gap

compared to 10 years of average schooling in high income countries. Quality of

education is even more crucial. In math and science subjects 15 year old

students in high income countries are doing much better than those in middle

income countries. Students with strong abilities in reading writing and

problem-solving are more likely to become the future innovators. Survey also

shows a direct relation between investments made in education and growth in

GDP.

Different countries prioritize different infrastructure. Low income countries

often need to meet the basic needs such as water supply public health and

transportation. Once countries develop even further, they need to focus on

electricity and IT infrastructure. It is a key driver to innovation because it

helps create and spread knowledge. Middle income countries with more Internet

users are more innovative than those without the internet. Increasing

investment in IT is going to boost innovation and productivity.

To encourage innovation and entrepreneurship, countries have to step up efforts

in intellectual property protection as well as the rule of law, increased

financing and created equal policies to boost competition. According to

estimation, about US$26 trillion will be spent from 2016 to 2030 on

infrastructure investment, in order to lower the impact of climate change. To

meet this need, Asian countries need to carry out tax reform, change their

economic structure and borrow prudently. But they tend to face a funding

shortage anyway. That is why Asian countries have to attract more private

investment and build a better investment environment working with private

investors and offer a higher return. To conclude, I believe Asian countries

have come so far so quickly, The promotion of human capital to achieve

sustained growth can be done. That is going to be the natural next step for us.

英译汉

passage 2

人工智能发展趋势

Today I would like to talk about technology and where technology is going. The

major trend for technology is that it is getting smarter and smarter, which I

call artificial intelligence, AI. The use of AI includes robots that are going

to undertake a lot of the tasks that human used to do. It is going to redefine

jobs and create more tasks that we had no idea exist. This is going to bring

drastic changes to society for the next 20 years.

Of course we already have AI right now and they are working at the background

AIs have eyes in the hospital diagnosing X-rays better than human doctors. AIs

have eyes at the back offices of law firms processing legal evidence better

than human lawyers. For pilots they only work for 7 to 8 minutes when flying a

plane because AI is doing the rest of the work. We also have Amazon and Alibaba

that provide smart recommendations with AIs at the back offices. AlphaGo also

defeated the world’s Go champion. When we play video games we are playing

against AIs. Now what Google is doing is trying to teach AIs how to play video

games. And with such learning mechanisms, AI was getting smarter and smarter.

There are two aspects that is not truly appreciated by humans. The first is

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