2018年11月翻译资格考试三级英语笔译实务真题及答案

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2018 年 11 月翻译资格考试三级英语笔译实务真题及答案

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Traces of microplastics and hazardous chemicals found in majority of snow and

ice samples taken earlier this year.

Plastic and traces of hazardous chemicals have been found in Antarctica, one of

the world’s last great wildernesses, according to a new study.

Researchers spent three months taking water and snow samples from remote areas

of the continent earlier this year.

These have now been analysed and researchers have confirmed the majority

contained “persistent hazardous chemicals” or microplastics.

The findings come amid growing concern about the extent of the plastic

pollution crisis which scientists have warned risks “permanent contamination”

of the planet.

Earlier this week, the UN warned it is one of the world’s biggest

environmental threats and said although 60 countries were taking urgent action

more needed to be done.

The new report by researchers at Greenpeace is part of global campaign to

create the world’s biggest ocean sanctuary in the seas around Antarctica to

protect the fragile ecosystem from industrial fishing and climate change.

Frida Bengtsson, of Greenpeace’s Protect the Antarctic campaign, said the

findings proved that even the most remote areas of the planet were not immune

from the impact of manmade pollution.

“We need action at source, to stop these pollutants ending up in the Antarctic

in the first place, and we need an Antarctic ocean sanctuary to give space for

penguins, whales and the entire ecosystem to recover from the pressures

they’re facing,” she said.

Seven of the eight sea-surface water samples tested contained microplastics

such as microfibres. Seven of the nine snow samples tested contained detectable

concentrations of the persistent hazardous chemicals – polyfluorinated

alkylated substances, or PFAS.

Researchers said the chemicals are widely used in many industrial processes and

consumer products and have been linked to reproductive and developmental issues

in wildlife. They said the snow samples gathered included freshly fallen snow,

suggesting the hazardous chemicals had come from contaminated rain or snowfall.

Prof Alex Rogers, a specialist in sustainable oceans at the Oxford Martin

school, Oxford University, said the discovery of plastics and chemicals in

Antarctica confirmed that manmade pollutants were now affecting ecosystems in

every corner of the world.

And he warned the consequences of this pervasive contamination remained largely

unknown.

“The big question now is what are the actual consequences of finding this

stuff here? Many of these chemicals are pretty nasty and as they move up the

food chain they may be having serious consequences for the health of wildlife,

and ultimately humans. The effects of microplastics on marine life, likewise,

are largely not understood,” he said.

There is relatively little data on the extent of microplastics in Antarctic

waters, and researchers said they hoped this new study would lead to a greater

understanding of the global extent of plastic and chemical pollutants.

Bengtsson said: “Plastic has now been found in all corners of our oceans, from

the Antarctic to the Arctic and at the deepest point of the ocean, the Mariana

trench. We need urgent action to reduce the flow of plastic into our seas and

we need large-scale marine reserves – like a huge Antarctic ocean sanctuary

which over 1.6m people are calling for – to protect marine life and our oceans

for future generations.”

参考答案：

在今年早些时候采集的大部分冰雪样本中发现了微量塑料和有害化学物质。

一项新的研究表明，研究人员在南极洲发现了塑料和有害化学物质，这是世界上最后的几

片荒野之一。

今年早些时候，研究人员花了三个月的时间从大陆偏远地区采集了水和雪的样本。

目前已经对这些物质进行了分析，研究人员证实，其中大部分都含有“持久性危险化学物

质”或微塑料。

这一发现正值人们对塑料污染危机程度日益担忧之际。科学家们警告称，塑料污染危机可

能给地球带来“永久性伤害”。

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