2019年6月翻译资格考试三级英语笔译实务真题及答案

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2019 年 6 月翻译资格考试三级英语笔译实务真题及答案

英译汉

　　 Both WHO’s constitution and the Universal Declaration of Human Right

assert that health is a human right, not a privilege for those who can afford

it. Over time, that right has made its way into both national and international

law. But importantly, the right to health is not simply a noble idea on a piece

of paper.

　　世界卫生组织《组织法》与《世界人权宣言》(Universal Declaration of Human Right)

均强调健康是一项人权，而不是那些有经济实力者享有的特权。随着时间的推移，健康权

已逐渐载入各国法律和国际法律。但重要的是，健康权绝非只是纸上空谈。

　　It has been a platform for major improvements in global health. Since 1948,

life expectancy has increased by 25 years. Maternal and childhood mortality

have plummeted. Smallpox has been eradicated and polio is on the brink. We have

turned the tide on the HIV/AIDS epidemic. Deaths from malaria have dropped

dramatically. New vaccines have made once-feared diseases easily preventable.

And there are many other causes for celebration. But even as we continue to

struggle with old threats, new ones have arisen. Climate change will have

profound effects on health. Antimicrobial resistance has the potential to undo

the gains of modern medicine. Vaccine hesitancy is putting millions of young

lives at risk. Noncommunicable diseases, including heart disease, stroke,

cancer diabetes, hypertension, lung diseases and mental illnesses have become

the major killers of our time. And of course, we continue to face the ever-

present threat of outbreaks and other health emergencies.

　　健康权一直是全球健康状况得以获得重大改善的平台。自 1948 年以来，预期寿命延长

了 25 岁。产妇和儿童死亡率快速下跌。天花已被消灭，脊髓灰质炎也已处在被消灭的边缘。

艾滋病毒/艾滋病的势头得到扭转。疟疾致死的现象急剧减少。得益于新疫苗的出现，曾经

让人谈虎色变的疾病也变得易于预防。还有其他进步可喜可贺。但是，就在我们继续对抗既

有健康威胁之时，新的健康威胁已经出现。气候变化会对健康产生深远影响。抗微生物药物

耐药性有可能让现代医学取得的成果荡然无存。“疫苗犹豫”正危及数百万年轻人的生命。

心脏病、中风、癌症、糖尿病、高血压、肺病和精神疾病等非传染性疾病已成为当今时代的头

号杀手。当然，我们还无时不刻不在面临着疫情和其他突发卫生事件的威胁。

　In the past 12 months, WHO has responded to 47 emergencies in 50 countries.

We are currently responding to an outbreak of Ebola in the Democratic Republic

of the Congo, very near the border with Uganda. As of today, there have been

373 cases and 216 deaths since the outbreak started in August. So far, we have

managed to prevent Ebola from spreading across the border, largely because we

have much better tools with which to fight Ebola than at any time in history.

More than 32,000 people have been vaccinated, which is one of the reasons the

outbreak has not spread further than it has. We also have ways to treat those

infected. So far, 150 people have been treated with one of four drugs. 14

million travelers have been screened, there have been more than 190 safe and

dignified burials, we have done door-to-door advocacy in almost 4000 households

and we have trained more than 500 community leaders. But this outbreak has been

much more difficult to control, largely because of the security situation in

eastern DRC. Armed groups operating in the area conduct regular attacks on the

city of Beni, the epicentre of the outbreak. And every time there is an attack,

the virus gets an advantage. Vaccination and contact tracing are disrupted.

　　在过去的 12 个月内，世卫组织应对了 50 个国家47 起突发事件。我们目前正在处理邻

近乌干达边境的刚果民主共和国爆发的埃博拉疫情。自 8 月爆发以来，迄今已有 373 例病例

和 216 例死亡。到目前为止，我们已成功阻止埃博拉病毒蔓延越过边境，这主要因为我们采

用了有史以来最好的几种手段对抗埃博拉病毒。超过 3.2 万人接种了疫苗，这是疫情没有进

一步扩散的原因之一。此外，我们也有治疗感染者的方法。到目前为止，已有 150 人接受了

四种药物中的一种治疗。1400 万游客经过筛查;超过 190 人得到安全、体面埋葬;挨家挨户宣

传达到近4000 户;500 多名社区领导接受了培训。但此次疫情控制难度加大，这主要归咎于

刚果民主共和国东部的安全局势。在该地区作战的武装分子频繁袭击疫情中心贝尼市

(Beni)，而每次袭击都为病毒创造了有利条件，中断了疫苗接种和接触者追踪工作。

　　Health security and health systems are two sides of the same coin. The best

long-term investment in protecting and promoting the right to health is to

invest in stronger health systems. Because there is simply no other way to

achieve universal health coverage and the Sustainable Development Goals than

primary health care, with a focus on health promotion and disease prevention.

But it will also require WHO and the global health community to work in a much

more integrated and coherent way. That’s why WHO and 10 other international

health agencies have agreed to work together on a Global Action Plan for

Healthy Lives and Well-Being. The plan has three strategic approaches:

integrate, accelerate and account. First, we have committed to integrate many

of our processes to increase our collective efficiency. Second, we have

committed to accelerate progress by identifying areas of work in which we can

truly bend the curve and make more rapid progress towards the health-related

SDGs – like research and development, data and sustainable financing. And

third, we have committed to keep each other accountable, both to the people we

serve, and to the donors and partners who expect results from the resources

they give us.

　　卫生安全和医疗卫生体系是同一事物的两个方面。保护和促进健康权的最佳长期投资

方式是投资更强大的医疗卫生体系。初级卫生保健以促进健康和预防疾病为重点，而除了

初级卫生保健，根本没有其他方法可以实现全民健康覆盖与可持续发展目标(Sustainable

Development Goals)。但这还需要世卫组织与全球卫生界加强协调合作。这就是世卫组织与

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