2007年专业英语八级考试真题及答案
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2007 年专业英语八级考试真题及答案
SECTIONAMini-lecture
Inthissectionyouwillhearamini-lecture.Youwillhearthelectu
reonceonly.Whilelistening,takenotesontheimportantpoints.You
noteswillnotbemarked,butyouwillneedthemtocompleteagap-
fillingtaskforafterthemini-lecture.Whenthelectureisover,y
ouwillbegiventwominutestocheckyournotes,andanothertenmi
nutestocompletethegap-fillingtaskonAnswersheetone.Usetheb
lanksheetfornote-tanking.
WhatCanWeLearnfromArt?
I.Introduction
A.Differencesbetweengeneralhistoryandarthistory
—Focus:
—generalhistory: (1)_____
—arthistory:politicalvalues,emotions,everydaylife,etc.
B.Significanceofstudy
Moreinformationandbetterunderstandingofhumansocietyandciviliz
ation
II.Typesofinformation
A.Informationinhistorybooksis(2)_____
—facts,butnoopinions
B.Informationinarthistoryissubjective
— (3)_____andopinions
e.g. —Spanishpainter'sworks:misuseofgovernmentalpower
—Mexicanartists'works:attitudestowardssocialproblems
III.Artasareflectionofreligiousbeliefs
A.Europe: (4)_____inpicturesinchurches
B.MiddleEast:picturesofflowersandpatternsinmosques,palaces
Reason:humanand(5)_____arenotseenasholy
C.AfricaandthePacificIslands:masks,headdressesandcostumesin
specialceremonies
Purpose:toseekthehelpof(6)_____toprotectcrops,animalsand
people.
IV.PerceptionsofArt
Howpeopleseeartisrelatedtotheirculturalbackground.
A.EuropeansandAmericans
— (7)_____
—expressionofideas
B.Peopleinotherplaces
—partofeverydaylife
— (8)_____use
V.Artasareflectionofsocialchanges
A.Causeofchanges: (9)_____ofdifferentcultures.
B.Changes
—tribalpeople:effectsof(10)_____onartforms
—Europeanartists:influenceofAfricantraditionalartintheirwo
rks
—AmericanandCanadianartists:studyofJapanesepainting
NowlistentotheMini-lecture.
Goodmorning,today’slectureistheveryfirstofaseriesoflec
turesonarthistory,soI’dliketospendsometimediscussingwith
youthefollowingtopic:Whydoweneedtostudyarthistory?Andwh
atcanwelearnfromit?
Firstofall,I’dsay,ifyoustudyarthistory,thismightbea
goodwaytolearnmoreaboutaculturethanit’spossibletolearn
ingeneralhistoryclasses.Youknow,mosttypicalhistorycoursesconc
entrateonpolitics,economicsandwar,butarthistoryfocusesonmuc
hmorethanthis.Becauseartreflectsnotonlythepoliticalvalues
ofapeople,butalsotheirreligiousbeliefs,emotionsetc.Inadditi
on,informationaboutthedailyactivitiesofourancestorscanbepro
videdbyart,likewhatpeopledidforaliving,whatkindofdres
stheywore,whatceremoniestheyheldetc.Inshort,artcanexpress
theessentialqualitiesofatimeandaplace,andthestudyofit
clearlyoffersusadeeperunderstandingthancanbefoundinmost
historybooksandenablesustolearnmorethingsabouthumansociety
andcivilization.
ThesecondpointI’dliketomakeisaboutthetypeofinformation
.Inhistorybooks,informationisobjective,thatisfactsaboutpoli
ticaleconomiclifeofacountryaregiven,butopinionsarenotexpres
sed.Art,ontheotherhand,issubjective.Itreflectspersonalemotion
sandopinions.Forexample,FranciscoGoyawasagreatSpanishpainte
randalsoperhapsthefirsttrulypoliticalartist.Inhisfamouspa
inting,TheThirdofMay1808,heshowedsoldiersshootingagroupof
simplepeople.Hisdescriptionofsoldiersandtheirvictimshasbeco
measymboloftheenormouspowerorthemisuseofthispowerthat
thegovernmentcanhaveoveritspeople.Over100yearslater,onano
thercontinent,thepowerfulpaintingsofMexicanartistsdepictedtheir
deepangerandsadnessaboutsocialproblems.Insummary,throughart
youcanfindapersonalandemotionalviewofhistory.
Thirdly,artcanreflectaculture’sreligiousbeliefs.Forhundreds
ofyearsinEurope,religiousartwasalmosttheonlytypeofartth
atexisted.Churchesandotherreligiousbuildingswerefilledwithpai
ntingsthatshowedpeopleandstoriesfromtheBible.Bycontrast,o
neofthemaincharacteristicsofartintheMiddleEastwas(andst
illis),itsabsenceofhumanandanimalimages.ThisreflectstheIs
lamicbeliefthattheseimagesareunholy.Thus,onpalaces,mosquesa
ndotherbuildings,Islamicartistshavecreateduniquedecorationof
greatbeautywithimagesofflowersofgeometricforms,forexample,c
ircles,squaresandtriangles.Thesameistrueofotherplaces,like
AfricaandPacificIslands.Artalsoreflectsthereligiousbeliefso
ftraditionalculturesintheseplaces.Asamatteroffact,religion
isthepurposeforthisartandit’s,therefore,absolutelyessential
toit.TraditionalartinAfricaandPacificIslandsisdifferentfrom
Christianart.Christianartinfluencespeople’sreligiousfeelingsto
wardsGod.ButthegoaloftraditionalartinAfricaandPacificIsla
ndsistheinfluenceofspiritualpowers,Thatisgodstoenterpeopl
e’slives.Eachtribeorvillagetherehadspecialceremonieswith
songsanddancestomakesurethatcrops,animalsandpeopleareheal
thyandincreasinginnumber.Thedancersintheceremonieswearmasks
，Headdressesandcostumesthattheybelievearenecessarytoinflue
ncegods.Sothesemasks,headdressesthemselves,arerevelrypart
oftheart.Aswesaid,artdependsonculture,differentformsofa
rtresultfromdifferentcultures.Similarly,thewaythatpeopleview
artalsodependsontheirculturalbackground.Thisismyfourthpoi
nt.FormostEuropeansandAmericans,artismainlyfordecoration.It
issomethingonamuseumwallorinaglasscase.Itmakestheirho
mesmoreattractive.Peoplelookatitandadmireit:
"Oh,whatabeautifulpainting!"Besides,ideasareexpressedinthis
art.Thisisawonderfulstatue,andadmiringit,Imightsay:
"Itmakessuchastronganti-warstatement."Butinotherplaces,art
isnotconsideredtobeseparatedfromeverydayexistence.Ithasa
function,ithasapracticalroletoplayinpeople’slives.Aperso
ninatribalsocietymightlookatamaskandsay:
"Oh,thisisagoodmask.Itwouldkeepmyhousesafe."Inbrief,
thewayinwhichpeopleenjoyorappreciateartdependsontheircult
ure.Toconcludemylecture,wecansaythatartisareflectionof
variouscultures.Butatthesametime,wehavetorememberthatar
talsoreflectsthechangesinsocietythattakeplacewhendifferent
culturesinfluenceoneanother.Aspeoplefromtribalsocietiesmoveto
urbanareas,theirvaluesandbeliefschangeaccordinglyandtheirtrad
itionalartformsbegintolosetheirfunction.Atthesametime,u
rbanartistsbegintolearnalotfromtraditionalart.Forexample,
AfricanmasksandfigureshadagreatinfluenceonPicasso’sworks.A
ndmanyAmericanandCanadianartistsstudythesimplicityofJapanes
epainting.Theresultisthatastheworldgetssmaller,theartof
eachculturebecomesmoreinternational.
OK,thisbringsustotheendofourlecture.Ihopethataftert
oday’slecture,you’llunderstandbetterthesignificanceofthestudy
ofarthistory.Artenablesustoknowmoreabouthumanhistory,for
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价格：2.8金币
属性：17 页
大小：127.5KB
格式：DOC
时间：2024-11-14
