2011年专业英语八级考试真题及答案
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2011 年专业英语八级考试真题及答案
PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION
SECTION A MINI-LECTURE
In this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE
ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not
be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the
mini-lecture. When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check
your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER
SHEET ONE. Some of the gaps may require a maximum of THREE words. Make sure the
word(s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable.
You may refer to your notes while completing the task. Use the blank sheet for
note-taking.
Now, listen to the mini-lecture.
Classifications of Cultures
According to Edward Hall, different cultures result in different ideas about
the world. Hall is an anthropologist. He is interested in relations between
cultures.
I. High-context culture
A. feature
- context: more important than the message
- meaning: (1)__________
i.e. more attention paid to (2) ___________ than to the message itself
B. examples
- personal space
- preference for (3)__________
- less respect for privacy / personal space
- attention to (4)___________
- concept of time
- belief in (5)____________ interpretation of time
- no concern for punctuality
- no control over time
II. Low-context culture
A. feature
- message: separate from context
- meaning: (6)___________
B. examples
- personal space
- desire / respect for individuality / privacy
- less attention to body language
- more concern for (7)___________
- attitude toward time
- concept of time: (8)____________
- dislike of (9)_____________
- time seen as commodity
III. Conclusion
Awareness of different cultural assumptions
- relevance in work and life
e.g. business, negotiation, etc.
- (10)_____________ in successful communication
参考答案：
(1) context of message
(2) what's happening / the context
(3) closeness to people
(4) body language
(5) poly-chronic
(6) message itself
(7) the message
(8) mono-chronic
(9) lateness
(10) great influence / significance
TIPS：
(1) 根据原文中一句“A high-context culture is a culture in which the context of
the message, or the action, or an event carries a large part of its meaning and
significance.”可知答案。
(2) 根据原文“What this means is that in a high-context culture, more attention
is paid to what's happening in and around the message than to the message
itself.”可知答案。
(3) 根据原文“Generally speaking, in a high-context culture, because this
greater dependency on group thinking, people lean towards heavier sense of
involvement or closeness to people.”可得出答案。
(4) 根据原文“And also people from a high-context culture pay attention to body
language.”可得出答案。
(5) 根据原文“People in high-context cultures, are considered to have, what is
called a poly-chronic attitude toward time.”可得出答案。
(6) 根据原文“A low-context culture is one in which the message, the event or
the action is a separate entity, having meaning onto itself, regardless of the
surroundings or the context.”可得出答案。
(7) 根据原文“And you'll also see that people might pay less attention to body
language, because as I said, the message is, the message is everything.”可得出
答案。
(8) 原文提到在 low-context culture 中，人们对时间的态度可称为 mono-chronic。
(9) 根据原文“People in a low-context culture would be much more upset with
lateness, because they feel that everyone should follow the same time.”可得出
答案。
(10) 根据文章末尾部分“If you're in business, negotiations, interpersonal
relations, if you're dealing with people from different cultures in any way,
it's going to affect every part of your life. In any multi-cultural situation,
these assumptions need to be taken into account for successful interactions.”
可知，在商务活动、谈判、人际交往中，与来自不同文化的人打交道时，这些想法对成功的
交际起着非常重要的作用。
script:
Classifications of Cultures
Good morning, everyone! Today, we'll look at culture or rather classifications
of cultures. Usually, when we deal with different people, we deal with them as
if we were all members of the same culture. However, it's possible that people
from different cultures have different assumptions about the world. We got in
such important and basic ideas as time, personal space. And this is the view of
Edward Hall. And Edward Hall is an anthropologist who spent a large part of his
life studying American Indians, their culture, their language. But he was
different from a lot of other anthropologists who just study one culture. He
was interested in the relations between cultures, how cultures interact. What
Hall believes is that cultures can be classified by placing them on a
continuum, ranging from what he called high-context to low-context.
OK, what is a high-context culture? A high-context culture is a culture in
which the context of the message, or the action, or an event carries a large
part of its meaning and significance. What this means is that in a high-context
culture, more attention is paid to what's happening in and around the message
than to the message itself.
Now, let me give you examples. First, in terms of personal space. Generally
speaking, in a high-context culture, because this greater dependency on group
thinking, people lean towards heavier sense of involvement or closeness to
people. And they have less respect for privacy, for personal space. If you go
into that culture, people might stand closer when they're talking to you. They
might touch more. And if they're jostled in a crowd, they won't feel violated.
And also people from a high-context culture pay attention to body language.
Because remember what I said, the definition of a high-context culture is that
more attention is paid to the context of the message than to the message
itself. And part of the context is body language.
Second, in terms of time. People in high-context cultures, are considered to
have, what is called a poly-chronic attitude toward time. Here, "poly" means
multiple and "chronic" means time. What this means is that they believe people,
things, events have their own time. And there can't be a standard system of
time for everything. What this leads them to believe is that you can't
emphasize punctuality. Things happen when they are supposed to happen. So,
there's a different attitude toward time; there's no set standard of time; you
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价格：2.8金币
属性：28 页
大小：216KB
格式：DOC
时间：2024-11-14
