2006年6月24日英语四级真题及答案

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2006年6月24日英语四级真题及答案

Part I Writing (30 minute)

注意：此部分试题在答题卡1上。

Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minute to write a short essay on the

topic of students selecting their lectures. You should write at least

120 words following the outline given bellow:

1. 有些大学允许学生自由选择某些课程的任课教师

2. 学生选择教师时所考虑的主要因素

3. 学生自选任课教师的益处和可能产生的问题

On Students Selecting Lecturers

Part II Reading comprehension (skimming and scanning) (15 minute)

Directions:In this part, you will have 15 minute to go over the passage quickly

and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1.

For questions 1-7, mark

Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in

the passage;

N (for NO) if statement contradicts the information given in the

passage;

NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage.

Fo r q u e s t i o n 8 - 1 0 , c o m p l e t e t h e s e n t e n c es w i t h t h e i n f o r m a t i o n g i v e n i n t h e

passage.

Highways

Early in the 20th century, most of the streets and roads in the U.S. were made

of dirt, brick, and cedar wood blocks. Built for horse, carriage, and foot traffic,

t h e y w e r e u s u a l l y p o o r l y c a r e d f o r a n d t o o n a r r o w t o

a c c o m m o d a t e

( 容纳 )

automobiles.

With the increase in auto production, private

turnpi k e

(收费公路) c o m p a n i e s

under local authorities began to spring up, and by 1921 there were 387,000 miles of

p a v e d r o a d s . Ma n y w e r e b u i l t u s i n g s p e c i f i c a t i o n s o f 1 9 t h c e n t u r y S c o t t i s h

engineers Thomas Telford and John MacAdam (for whom the macadam surface is named),

whose specifications stressed the importance of adequate drainage. Beyond that,

t h e r e w e r e n o n a t i o n a l s t a n d a r d s f o r s i z e , w e i g h t r e s t r i c t i o n s , o r c o m m e r c i a l

signs. During World War I, roads throughout the country were nearly destroyed by

the weight of trucks. When General Eisenhower returned from Germany in 1919, after

serving in the U.S. army’s first transcontinental motor

convoy

(车队), he noted:

“T h e o l d c o n v o y h a d s t a r t e d m e t h i n k i n g a b o u t g o o d , t w o - l a n e h i g h w a y s , b u t

Germany’s Autobahn or motorway had made me see the wisdom of broader ribbons

across the land.”

It would take another war before the federal government would act on a national

highway system. During World War II, a tremendous increase in trucks and new roads

were required. The war demonstrated how critical highways were to the defense

effort. Thirteen per cent of defense plants received all their supplies by truck,

and almost all other plants shipped more than half of their products by vehicle.

The war also revealed that local control of highways had led to a confusing variety

o f d e s i g n s t a n d a r d s . Ev e n f e d e r a l a n d s t a t e h i g h w a y s d i d n o t f o l l o w b a s i c

standards. Some states allowed trucks up to 36,000 pounds, while others restricted

anything over 7,000 pounds.

A government study recommended a national highway system of 33,920 miles, and

congress soon passed the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1944, which called for strict,

centrally controlled design criteria.

The interstate highway system was finally launched in 1956 and has been hailed

as one of the greatest public works projects of the century. To build its 44,000-

mile web of highways, bridge, and tunnels, hundreds of unique engineering designs

and solutions had to be worked out. Consider the many geographic features of the

country: mountains, steep grades, wetlands, rivers, deserts and plains. Variables

included the slope of the land, the ability of the pavement to support the load,

the intensity of road use, and the nature of the underlying soil. Urban areas were

another problem. Innovative designs of roadways, tunnels, bridges, overpasses, and

interchanges that could run through or bypass urban areas soon began to weave their

way across the country, forever altering the face of America.

Today, the interstate system links every major city in the U.S., and the U.S.

with Canada and Mexico. Built with safety in mind, the highways have wide lanes and

shoulders, dividing medians, or barriers, long entry and exit lanes, curves

engineered for safe turns, and limited access. The death rate on highways is half

that of all other U.S. roads (0.86 deaths per 100 million passenger miles compared

to 1.99 deaths per 100 million on all other roads).

By opening the North American continent, highways have enabled consumer goods

and services to reach people in remote and rural areas of the country, spurred the

growth of suburbs, and provided people with greater options in term of jobs, access

to cultural programs, health care, and other benefits. Above all, the interstate

system provides individuals with what they cherish most: personal freedom of

mobility.

The interstate system has been an essential element of the nation’s economic

growth in terms of shipping and job creation: more than 75 percent of the nation’s

freight deliveries arrive by truck; and most products that arrive by rail or air

use interstates for the last leg of the journey by vehicle. Not only has the

highway system affected the American economy by providing shipping routes, it has

led to the growth of spin-off industries like service stations, motels,

restaurants, and shopping centers. It has allowed the relocation of manufacturing

plants and other industries from urban areas to rural.

B y t h e e n d o f t h e c e n t u r y t h e r e w a s a n i m m e n s e n e t w o r k o f p a v e d r o a d s ,

residential streets, expressways, and freeways built to support millions of

v e h ic l e s. T h e h i g h w a y s y s t e m w a s o f f i c i a l l y r e n a m ed f o r E i s e n h o w e r t o h on o r h i s

vision and leadership. The year construction began he said: “Together, the united

forces of our communication and transportation systems are dynamic elements in the

very name we bear—United States. Without them, we would be a mere alliance of many

separate parts.”

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

1. National standards for paved roads were in place by 1921.

2. General Eisenhower felt that the broad German motorways made more sense than

the two-lane highways of America.

3. It was in the 1950s that the American government finally took action to build a

national highway system.

4. Many of the problems presented by the country’s geographical features found

solutions in innovative engineering projects.

5. In spite of safety considerations, the death rate on interstate highways is

still higher than that of other American roads.

6. The interstate highway system provides access between major military

installations in America.

7. S e r v i c e s t a t i o n s , m o t e l s a n d r e s t a u r a n t s p r o m o t e d t h e d e v e l o p m e n t o f t h e

interstate highway system.

[附：答题卡1]

1. [Y] [N] [NG]

2. [Y] [N] [NG]

3. [Y] [N] [NG]

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