2007年12月英语六级真题及答案
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2007 年 12 月英语六级真题及答案
Part I Writing （30 minutes）
Directions:
For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled
Digital Age
.
You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below.
1. 如今数字化产品得到越来越广泛的使用，并举例
2. 数字化产品的使用对人工作，学习，生活产生的影响
Digital Age
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)
Directions:
In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and
answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1.
For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and
[D].
For questions 8 -10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.
Seven Ways to Save the World
Forget the old idea that conserving energy is a form of self-denial — riding
bicycles, dimming the lights, and taking fewer showers. These days conservation is all
about efficiency: getting the same — or better — results from just a fraction of the
energy. When a slump in business travel forced Ulrich Rǒmer to cut cost costs at his
family-owned hotel in Germany, he replaced hundreds of the hotel’s wasteful light bulbs,
getting the same light for 80 percent less power. He bought a new water boiler with a
digitally controlled pump, and wrapped insulation around the pipes. Spending about €
100,000 on these and other improvements, he slashed his € 90,000 fuel and power bill by €
60,000. As a bonus, the hotel’s lower energy needs have reduced its annual carbon
emissions by more than 200 metric tons. “For us, saving energy has been very, very
profitable,” he says. “And most importantly, we’re not giving up a single comfort for
our guests.”
Efficiency is also a great way to lower carbon emissions and help slow global warming.
But the best argument for efficiency is its cost — or, more precisely, its profitability.
That’s because quickly growing energy demand requires immense investment in new supply,
not to mention the drain of rising energy prices.
No wonder efficiency has moved to the top of the political agenda. On Jan. 10, the
European Union unveiled a plan to cut energy use across the continent by 20 percent by
2020. Last March, China imposed a 20 percent increase in energy efficiency by 2020. Even
George W. Bush, the Texas oilman, is expected to talk about energy conversation in his
State of the Union speech this week.
The good news is that the world is full of proven, cheap ways to save energy. Here are
the seven that could have the biggest impact:
Insulate
Space heating and cooling eats up 36 percent of all the world’s energy. There’s
virtually no limit to how much of that can be saved, as prototype “zero-energy homes” in
Switzerland and Germany have shown. There’s been a surge in new ways of keeping heat in
and cold out (or vice versa). The most advanced insulation follows the law of increasing
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returns: if you add enough, you can scale down or even eliminate heating and air-
conditioning equipment, lowering costs even before you start saving on utility bills.
Studies have shown that green workplaces (ones that don’t constantly need to have the heat
or air-conditioner running) have higher worker productivity and lower sick rates.
Change Bulbs
Lighting eats up 20 percent of the world’s electricity, or the equivalent of roughly
600,000 tons of coal a day. Forty percent of that powers old-fashioned incandescent light
bulbs — a 19th-century technology that wastes most of the power it consumes on unwanted
heat.
Compact fluorescent lamps, or CFLs, not only use 75 to 80 percent less electricity
than incandescent bulbs to generate the same amount of light, but they also last 10 times
longer. Phasing old bulbs out by 2030 would save the output of 650 power plants and avoid
the release of 700 million tons of carbon into the atmosphere each year.
Comfort Zone
Water boilers, space heaters and air conditioners have been notoriously inefficient.
The heat pump has altered that equation. It removes heat from the air outside or the ground
below and uses it to supply heat to a building or its water supply. In the summer, the
system can be reversed to cool building as well.
Most new residential buildings in Sweden are already heated with ground-source heat
pumps. Such systems consume almost no conventional fuel at all. Several countries have used
subsidies to jump-start the market, including Japan, where almost 1 million heat pumps have
been installed in the past two years to heat water for showers and hot tubs.
Remake Factories
From steel mills to paper factories, industry eats up about a third of the world’s
energy. The opportunities to save are vast. In Ludwigshafen, German chemicals giant BASF
runs an interconnected complex of more than 200 chemical factories, where heat produced by
one chemical process is used to power the next. At the Ludwigshafen site alone, such
recycling of heat and energy saves the company € 200 million a year and almost half its CO2
emissions. Now BASF is doing the same for new plants in China. “
Optimizing
(优化) energy
efficiency is a decisive competitive advantage, ” says BASF CEO Jǔrgen Hambrecht.
Green Driving
A quarter of the world’s energy — including two thirds of the annual production of
oil — is used for transportation. Some savings come free of charge: you can boost fuel
efficiency by 6 percent simply by keeping your car’s tires properly
inflated
( 充 气 ).
Gasoline-electric
hybrid
(混合型) models like the Toyota Prius improve mileage by a further
20 percent over conventional models.
A Better Fridge
More than half of all residential power goes into running household
appliances ， producing a fifth of the world’s carbon emissions. And that’s true even
though manufacturers have already hiked the efficiency of refrigerators and other white
goods by as much as 70 percent since the 1980s. According to an International Energy Agency
study, if consumers chose those models that would save them the most money over the life of
the appliance, they’d cut global residential power consumption and their utility bills by
43 percent.
Flexible Payment
Who says you have to pay for all your conservation investment ？ “ Energy service
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contractors” will pay for
retrofitting
(翻折改造) in return for a share of the client’s
annual utility-bill savings. In Beijing, Shenwu Thermal Energy Technology Co. specializes
in retrofitting China’s steel furnaces. Shenwu puts up the initial investment to install a
heat exchanger that preheats the air going into the furnace ， slashing the client’s fuel
costs . Shenwu pockets a cut of those savings, so both Shenwu and the client profit.
If saving energy is so easy and profitable, why isn’t everyone doing it? It has to do
with psychology and a lack of information. Most of us tend to look at today’s price tag
more than tomorrow’s potential savings. That holds double for the landlord or developer,
who won’t actually see a penny of the savings his investment in better insulation or a
better heating system might generate. In many people’s minds, conservation is still
associated with self-denial. Many environmentalists still push that view.
Smart governments can help push the market in the right direction. The EU’s 1994 law
on labeling was such a success that it extended the same idea to entire buildings last
year. To boost the market value of efficiency, all new buildings are required to have an
“energy pass” detailing power and heating consumption. Countries like Japan and Germany
have successively tightened building codes, requiring an increase in insulation levels but
leaving it up to builders to decide how to meet them.
The most powerful incentives, of course, will come from the market itself. Over the
past year, sky-high fuel prices have focused minds on efficiency like never before. Ever-
increasing pressure to cut costs has finally forced more companies to do some math on their
energy use.
Will it be enough? With global demand and emissions rising so fast, we may not have
any choice but to try. Efficient technology is here now, proven and cheap. Compared with
all other options, it’s the biggest, easiest and most profitable bang for the buck.
1. What is said to be the best way to conserve energy nowadays?
[A] Raising efficiently. [B] Cutting unnecessary costs.
[C] Finding alternative resources [D] Sacrificing some personal comforts.
2. What does the European Union plan to do?
[A] Diversify energy supply. [B] Cut energy consumption.
[C] Reduce carbon emissions. [D] Raise production efficiency.
3. If you add enough insulation to your house, you may be able to _______.
[A] improve your work environment [B] cut your utility bills by half.
[C] get rid of air-conditioners [D] enjoy much better health
4. How much of the power consumed by incandescent bulbs is converted into light?
[A] A small portion. [B] Some 40 percent
[C] Almost half. [D] 75 to 80 percent.
5. Some countries have tired to jump-start the market of heat pumps by_________.
[A] upgrading the equipment [B] encouraging investments
[C] implementing high-tech [D] providing subsidies
6. German chemicals giant BASF saves € 200 million a year by_________.
[A] recycling heat and energy [B] setting up factories in China
[C] using the newest technology [D] reducing the CO2 emissions of its plants
7. Global residential power consumption can be cut by 43 percent if________.
[A] we increase the insulation of walls and water pipes
[B] we choose simpler models of electrical appliances
[C] we cut down on the use of refrigerators and other white goods
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分类：行业题库
价格：3.2金币
属性：14 页
大小：97KB
格式：DOC
时间：2024-11-14
