2007年12月英语四级真题及答案

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2007 年 12 月英语四级真题及答案

Part Ⅰ Writing (30 minutes)

注意：此部分试题在答题卡 1 上。

Part Ⅱ Rading comprehension (Skimming and scanning) (15minutes)

Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passsage

quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7,

choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B),C) and D).

For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given

in the passage.

Univeraities Branch Out

As never before in their long story, universities have become instruments

of national

competition as well as instruments of peace. They are the place of the

scientific discoveries that

move economies forward, and the primary means of educating the talent required

to obtain and

maintain competitive advantages. But at the same time, the opening of national

borders to the flow

of goods, services, information and especially people has made universities a

powerful force for

global integration, mutual understanding and geopolitical stability.

In response to the same forces that have driven the world economy,

universities have become

More self-consciousy global: seeking students from around the world who

represent the entire

range of cultures and values, sending their own students abroad to prepare them

for global careers,

offering courses of study that address the challenges of an interconnected

world and collaborative

（合作的）research programs to advance science for the benefit of all humanity.

Of the forces shaping higher education none is more sweeping than the movement

across borders. Over the past three decades the number of students leaving home

each year to study abroad has grown at an annual rate of 3.0 percent, from

8000,000 in 1975 to 2.5 million in 2994. Most travel from one developed nation

to another, but the flow from developing to developed countries id growing

rapidly. The reverse flow, from developed to developing countries, is on the

rise, too. Today foreign students earn 30 percent of the doctoral degrees

awarded in the United States and 38 percent of those in the United Kingdom. And

the number crossing borders for undergraduate study is growing as well, to 8

percent of the undergraduates at America’s best institutions and 10 percent of

all undergraduates in the U.K. In the United States, 20 percent of the newly

hired professors in science and engineering are foreign-born, and in China many

newly hired faculty hired faculty members at the top research universities

received their graduate education abroad.

Universities are also encouraging students to spend some of their

undergraduate years in another country. In Europe, more than 140,000 students

participate in the Erasmus program each year, taking courses for credit in one

of 2, 2000 participating institutions across the continent. And in the United

States, institutions are helping place students in summer internships （实

习） abroad to prepare them for global careers. Yale and Harvard have led the

way, offering every undergraduate at least one international study or

internship opportunity and providing the financial resources to make it

possible.

Globalization is also reshaping the way research is done. One new trend

involves sourcing portions of a research program to another country. Yale

professor and Howard Hughes Medical Shanghai’s Fudan University, in

collaboration with faculty colleagues from both schools. The Shanghai center

has 95 employees and graduate students working in a 4,300-square-meter

laboratory seminars with scientists from both campuses. The arrangement

benefits both countries;

Xu’s Yale lab is more productive, thanks to the lower costs of conducing from

a word-class scientist and his U.S. team.

As a result of its strength in science, the United States has consistently

led of the world in the world in the commercialization of major new

technologies, from the mainframe computer and integrated circuit of the 1960s

to the internet

infrastructure

(基础设施)and applications software of

the 1990s.The link between university-based science and industrial application

is often indirect but sometimes highly visible: Silicon Valley was

intentionally created by Stanford University, and

Route 128 outside Boston has long housed companies spun off from MIT and

Harvard. Around the world ,governments have encouraged copying of his model,

perhaps most successfully in Cambridge, England, where Microsoft and scores of

other leading software and biotechnology companies have set up shop around the

university.

For all its success, the United States remains deeply hesitant about

sustaining the research university model. Most politician recognize the link

between investment in science and national

Economic strength, but support for research funding has been unsteady. The

budget of the National Institutes of Health doubled between 1998 and 2003,but

has risen more slowly than inflations since then. Support for the physical

sciences and engineering barely kept pace with inflation during that same

period. The attempt to make up lost ground is welcome, but the nation would be

better served by steady, predictable increases in science funding at the rate

of long-term GDP growth, which is on the order of inflation plus 3 percent per

year.

American politicians have great difficulty recognizing that admitting more

foreign students can greatly promote the national interest by increasing

international understanding. Adjusted for inflation, public funding for

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