2008年12月英语四级真题及答案

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2008 年 12 月英语四级真题及答案

Part I Writing （30 minutes）

Directions:

For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay

entitled

Limiting the Use of Disposable Plastic Bag

You should write at least

150 words following the outline given below.

1.一次性塑料袋的使用

2.使用一次性塑料袋带来的问题

3.限制一次性塑料袋的意义

Limiting the Use of Disposable Plastic Bag

_______________________________________________________________________________

___

Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)

Directions:

In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage

quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1.

For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked [A],

[B], [C] and [D].

For questions 8 -10, complete the sentences with the information given in the

passage.

That’s enough, kids

It was a lovely day at the park and Stella Bianchi was enjoying the

sunshine with her two children when a young boy, aged about four, approached

her two-year-old son and pushed him to the ground.

“I’d watched him for a little while and my son was the fourth or fifth

child he’d shoved,” she says.” I went over to them, picked up my son, turned

to the boy and said, firmly, ’No, we don’t push,” What happened next was

unexpected.

“The boy’s mother ran toward me from across the park,” Stella says,” I

thought she was coming over to apologize, but instead she started shouting at

me for disciplining her child, All I did was let him know his behavior was

unacceptable. Was I supposed to sit back while her kid did whatever he wanted,

hurting other children in the process?”

Getting your own children to play nice is difficult enough. Dealing with

other people’s children has become a minefield.

In my house, jumping on the sofa is not allowed. In my sister’s house

it’s encouraged. For her, it’s about kids being kids: “If you can’t do it

at three, when can you do it?”

Each of these philosophies is valid and, it has to be said, my son loves

visiting his aunt’s house. But I find myself saying “no” a lot when her kids

are over at mine. That’s OK between sisters but becomes dangerous territory

when you’re talking to the children of friends or acquaintances.

“Kids aren’t all raised the same,” agrees Professor Naomi White of

Monash University.” But there is still an idea that they’re the property of

the parent. We see our children as an extension of ourselves, so if you’re

saying that my child is behaving inappropriately, then that’s somehow a

criticism of me.”

In those circumstances, it’s difficult to know whether to approach the

child directly or the parent first. There are two schools of thought.

“I’d go to the child first,” says Andrew Fuller, author of Tricky Kids.

Usually a quiet reminder that ’we don’t do that here’ is enough. Kids nave

finely tuned antennae (直觉) for how to behave in different settings.”

He points out bringing it up with the parent first may make them feel

neglectful, which could cause problems. Of course, approaching the child first

can bring its own headaches, too.

This is why White recommends that you approach the parents first. Raise

your concerns with the parents if they’re there and ask them to deal with

it,” she says.

Asked how to approach a parent in this situation, psychologist Meredith

Fuller answers: “Explain your needs as well as stressing the importance of the

friendship. Preface your remarks with something like: ’I know you’ll think

I’m silly but in my house I don’t want…’”

When it comes to situations where you’re caring for another child, white

is straightforward: “common sense must prevail. If things don’t go well, then

have a chat.”

There’re a couple of new grey areas. Physical punishment, once accepted

from any adult, is no longer appropriate. “A new set of considerations has

come to the fore as part of the debate about how we handle children.”

For Andrew Fuller, the child-centric nature of our society has affected

everyone:” The rules are different now from when today’s parents were growing

up,” he says, “Adults are scared of saying: ’don’t swear’, or asking a

child to stand up on a bus. They’re worried that there will be conflict if

they point these things out – either from older children, or their parents.”

He sees it as a loss of the sense of common public good and public courtesy

(礼貌), and says that adults suffer form it as much as child.

Meredith Fuller agrees: “A code of conduct is hard to create when you’re

living in a world in which everyone is exhausted from overwork and lack of

sleep, and a world in which nice people are perceived to finish last.”

“It’s about what I’m doing and what I need,” Andrew Fuller says. ”the

days when a kid came home from school and said, “I got into trouble”. And dad

said, ‘you probably deserved it’. Are over. Now the parents are charging up

to the school to have a go at teachers.”

This jumping to our children’s defense is part of what fuels the “walking

on eggshells” feeling that surrounds our dealings with other people’s

children. You know that if you remonstrate(劝诫) with the child, you’re going

to have to deal with the parent. It’s admirable to be protective of our kids,

but is it good?

“Children have to learn to negotiate the world on their own, within

reasonable boundaries,” White says. “I suspect that it’s only certain

sectors of the population doing the running to the school –better –educated

parents are probably more likely to be too involved.”

White believes our notions of a more child-centered, it’ a way of talking

about treating our children like commodities(商品). We’re centered on them but

in ways that reflect positively on us. We treat them as objects whose

appearance and achievements are something we can be proud of, rather than serve

the best interests of the children.”

One way over-worked, under-resourced parents show commitment to their

children is to leap to their defence. Back at the park, Bianchi’

intervention( 干预 ) on her son’ behalf ended in an undignified exchange of

insulting words with the other boy’ mother.

As Bianchi approached the park bench where she’d been sitting, other mums

came up to her and congratulated her on taking a stand. “Apparently the boy

had a longstanding reputation for bad behaviour and his mum for even worse

behaviour if he was challenged.”

Andrew Fuller doesn’t believe that we should be afraid of dealing with

other people’s kids. “look at kids that aren’t your own as a potential

minefield,” he says. He recommends that we don’t stay silent over

inappropriate behaviour, particularly with regular visitors.

1. What did Stella Bianchi expect the young boy’s mother to do when she talked

to him?

A) make an apology

B) come over to intervene

C) discipline her own boy

D) take her own boy away

2. What does the author say about dealing with other people’s children?

A) it’s important not to hurt them in any way

B) it’s no use trying to stop their wrongdoing

C) it’s advisable to treat them as one’s own kids

D) it’s possible for one to get into lots of trouble

3. According to professor Naomi white of Monash university, when one’s kids

are criticized, their parents will probably feel___________________________

A) discouraged

B) hurt

C) puzzled

D) overwhelmed

4. What should one do when seeing other people’s kids misbehave according to

Andrew fuller?

A) talk to them directly in a mild way

B) complain to their parents politely

C) simply leave them alone

D) punish them lightly

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