2010年12月大学英语四级真题及答案

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2010 年 12 月大学英语四级真题及答案详解

　　Part I Writing (30 minutes)

　　 Directions ： For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short

essay entitled How Should Parents Help Children to Be Independent? You should

write at least 150 words following the outline given below.

　　1. 目前不少父母为孩子包办一切

　　2. 为了让孩子独立, 父母应该……

How Should Parents Help Children to Be Independent?

　　Part II Reading Comprehension(Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)

　　Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage

quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose

the best answer from the four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. For

questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the

passage.

A Grassroots Remedy

　　Most of us spend our lives seeking the natural world. To this end, we walk

the dog, play golf, go fishing, sit in the garden, drink outside rather than

inside the pub, have a picnic, live in the suburbs, go to the seaside, buy a

weekend place in the country. The most popular leisure activity in Britain is

going for a walk. And when joggers (慢跑者) jog, they don’t run the streets.

Every one of them instinctively heads to the park or the river. It is my

profound belief that not only do we all need nature, but we all seek nature,

whether we know we are doing so or not.

　　 But despite this, our children are growing up nature-deprived ( 丧失 ). I

spent my boyhood climbing trees on Streatham Common, South London. These days,

children are robbed of these ancient freedoms, due to problems like crime,

traffic, the loss of the open spaces and odd new perceptions about what is best

for children, that is to say, things that can be bought, rather than things

that can be found.

　　The truth is to be found elsewhere. A study in the US: families had moved

to better housing and the children were assessed for ADHD—attention deficit

hyperactivity disorder ( 多动症 ). Those whose accommodation had more natural

views showed an improvement of 19%; those who had the same improvement in

material surroundings but no nice view improved just 4%.

　　A study in Sweden indicated that kindergarten children who could play in a

natural environment had less illness and greater physical ability than children

used only to a normal playground. A US study suggested that when a school gave

children access to a natural environment, academic levels were raised across

the entire school.

　　 Another study found that children play differently in a natural

environment. In playgrounds, children create a hierarchy ( 等级 ) based on

physical abilities, with the tough ones taking the lead. But when a grassy area

was planted with bushes, the children got much more into fantasy play, and the

social hierarchy was now based on imagination and creativity.

　　Most bullying (恃强凌弱) is found in schools where there is a tarmac (柏油

碎石) playground; the least bullying is in a natural area that the children are

encouraged to explore. This reminds me unpleasantly of Sunnyhill School in

Streatham, with its harsh tarmac, where I used to hang about in corners

fantasising about wildlife.

　　 But children are frequently discouraged from involvement with natural

spaces, for health and safety reasons, for fear that they might get dirty or

that they might cause damage. So, instead, the damage is done to the children

themselves: not to their bodies but to their souls.

　　One of the great problems of modern childhood is ADHD, now increasingly and

expensively treated with drugs. Yet one study after another indicates that

contact with nature gives huge benefits to ADHD children. However, we spend

money on drugs rather than on green places.

　　 The life of old people is measurably better when they have access to

nature. The increasing emphasis for the growing population of old people is in

quality rather than quantity of years. And study after study finds that a

garden is the single most important thing in finding that quality.

　　In wider and more difficult areas of life, there is evidence to indicate

that natural surroundings improve all kinds of things. Even problems with crime

and aggressive behaviour are reduced when there is contact with the natural

world.

　　 Dr William Bird, researcher from the Royal Society for the Protection of

Birds, states in his study, “A natural environment can reduce violent

behaviour because its restorative process helps reduce anger and impulsive

behaviour.” Wild places need encouraging for this reason, no matter how small

their contribution.

　　We tend to look on nature conservation as some kind of favour that human

beings are granting to the natural world. The error here is far too deep: not

only do humans need nature for themselves, but the very idea that humanity and

the natural world are separable things is profoundly damaging.

　　Human beings are a species of mammals (哺乳动物). For seven million years

they lived on the planet as part of nature. Our ancestral selves miss the

natural world and long for contact with non-human life. Anyone who has patted a

dog, stroked a cat, sat under a tree with a pint of beer, given or received a

bunch of flowers or chosen to walk through the park on a nice day, understands

that.

　　We need the wild world. It is essential to our well-being, our health, our

happiness. Without the wild world we are not more but less civilised. Without

other living things around us we are less than human.

　　Five ways to find harmony with the natural world

　　Walk: Break the rhythm of permanently being under a roof. Get off a stop

earlier, make a circuit of the park at lunchtime, walk the child to and from

school, get a dog, feel yourself moving in moving air, look, listen, absorb.

　　Sit: Take a moment, every now and then, to be still in an open space. In

the garden, anywhere that’s not in the office, anywhere out of the house, away

from the routine. Sit under a tree, look at water, feel refreshed, ever so

slightly renewed.

　　Drink: The best way to enjoy the natural world is by yourself; the second

best way is in company. Take a drink outside with a good person, a good

gathering: talk with the sun and the wind with birdsong for background.

　　 Learn: Expand your boundaries. Learn five species of bird, five

butterflies, five trees, five bird songs. That way, you see and hear more: and

your mind responds gratefully to the greater amount of wildness in your life.

　　 Travel: The places you always wanted to visit: by the seaside, in the

country, in the hills. Take a weekend break, a day-trip, get out there and do

it: for the scenery, for the way through the woods, for the birds, for the

bees. Go somewhere special and bring specialness home. It lasts forever, after

all.

　　注意：此部分试题请在答题卡 1 上作答。

　　1. What is the author’s profound belief?

　　[A] People instinctively seek nature in different ways.

　　[B] People should spend most of their lives in the wild.

　　[C] People have quite different perceptions of nature.

　　[D] People must make more efforts to study nature.

　　2. What does the author say people prefer for their children nowadays?

　　[A] Personal freedom.

　　[B] Things that are natural.

　　[C] Urban surroundings.

　　[D] Things that are purchased.

　　3. What does a study in Sweden show?

　　[A] The natural environment can help children learn better.

　　[B] More access to nature makes children less likely to fall ill.

　　[C] A good playground helps kids develop their physical abilities.

　　[D] Natural views can prevent children from developing ADHD.

　　4. Children who have chances to explore natural areas ________.

　　[A] tend to develop a strong love for science

　　[B] are more likely to fantasise about wildlife

　　[C] tend to be physically tougher in adulthood

　　[D] are less likely to be involved in bullying

　　5. What does the author suggest we do to help children with ADHD?

　　[A] Find more effective drugs for them.

　　[B] Provide more green spaces for them.

　　[C] Place them under more personal care.

　　[D] Engage them in more meaningful activities.

　　6. In what way do elderly people benefit from their contact with nature?

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