2011年12月英语四级真题及答案

VIP免费
3.0 2024-11-14 0 0 90.5KB 14 页 3.2金币
侵权投诉
2011 年 12 月英语四级真题及答案
Part Ⅰ Writing (30 minutes)
注意:此部分试题在答题卡 1 上.
  For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled
Nothing Succeeds Without a Strong Will by commenting on the humorous saying,
"Quitting smoking is the easiest thing in the world. I've done it hundreds of
times." You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.
Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)
Why Integrity Matters
What is Integrity?
    The key to integrity is consistency--not only setting high personal
standards for oneself (honesty, responsibility, respect for others, fairness)
but also living up to those standards each day. One who has integrity is bound
by and follows moral and ethical standards even when making life's hard
choices, choices which may be clouded by stress, pressure to succeed, or
temptation.
  What happens if we lie, cheat, steal, or violate other ethical standards?
We feel disappointed in ourselves and ashamed. But a lapse of integrity also
affects our relationships with others. Trust is essential in any important
relationship, whether personal or professional. Who can trust someone who is
dishonest or unfair? Thus, integrity must be one of our most important goals.
Risky Business
  We are each responsible for our own decisions, even if the decision-making
process has been undermined by stress or peer pressure. The real test of
character is whether we can learn from our mistake, by understanding why we
acted as we did, and then exploring ways to avoid similar problems in the
future.
  Making ethical decisions is a critical part of avoiding future problems. We
must learn to recognize risks, because if we can't see the risks we're taking,
we can't make responsible choices. To identify risks, we need to know the rules
and be aware of the facts. For example, one who doesn't know the rules about
plagiarism may accidentally use words or ideas without giving proper credit, or
one who fails to keep careful research notes may unintentionally fail to quote
and cite sources as required. But the fact that such a violation is
"unintentional" does not excuse the misconduct. Ignorance is not a defense.
"But Everybody Does It"
  Most people who get in trouble do know the rules and facts, but manage to
fool themselves about the risks they're taking by using excuses: "Everyone else
does it," "I'm not hurting anyone," or "I really need this grade." Excuses can
get very elaborate: "I know I'm looking at another's exam, even though I'm
supposed to keep my eyes on my own paper, but that's not cheating because I'm
just checking my answers, not copying." We must be honest about our actions,
and avoid excuses. If we fool ourselves into believing we're not doing anything
wrong, we can't see the real choice we're making--and that leads to bad
decisions.
  To avoid fooling yourself, watch out for excuses and try this test: Ask how
you would feel if your actions were public, and anyone could be watching over
your shoulder. Would you feel proud or ashamed of your actions? If you'd rather
hide your actions, that's a good indication that you're taking a risk and
rationalizing it to yourself.
Evaluating Risks
    To decide whether a risk is worth taking, you must examine the
consequences, in the future as well as right now, negative as well as positive,
and to others as well as to yourself. Those who take risks they later regret
usually focus on immediate benefits ("what's in it for me"), and simply haven't
considered what might go wrong. The consequences of getting caught are serious,
and may include a "0" on a test or assignment; an "F" in the class; suspension
or dismissal from school; transcript notation; and a tarnished reputation. In
fact, when you break a rule or law, you lose control over your life, and give
others the power to impose punishment: you have no control over what that
punishment might be. This is an extremely precarious and vulnerable position.
There may be some matters of life and death, or highest principle, which might
justify such a risk, but there aren't many things that fall in this category.
Getting Away With It--Or Not
    Those who don't get caught pay an even higher price. A cheater doesn't
learn from the test, depriving him/herself of an education. Cheating undermines
confidence and independence: the cheater is a fraud, and knows that without
dishonesty, he/she would have failed. Cheating destroys self-esteem and
integrity, leaving the cheater ashamed, guilty, and afraid of getting caught.
Worst of all, a cheater who doesn't get caught the first time usually cheats
again, not only because he/she is farther behind, but also because it seems
"easier." This slippery slope of eroding ethics and bigger risks leads only to
disaster. Eventually, the cheater gets caught, and the later he/she gets
caught, the worse the consequences. Students have been dismissed from school
because they didn't get this simple message: Honesty is the ONLY policy that
works.
Cheating Hurts Others, Too
  Cheaters often feel invisible, as if their actions "don't count" and don't
really hurt anyone. But individual choices have a profound cumulative effect.
Cheating can spread like a disease, and a cheater can encourage others just by
being seen from across the room. Recent statistics suggest 30% or more of
college students cheat. If a class is graded on a curve, cheating hurts others'
grades. Even if there is no curve, cheating "poisons" the classroom, and others
may feel pressured to join in. ("If I don't cheat, I can't compete with those
who do.") Cheating also has a destructive impact on teachers. The real reward
of good teaching is seeing students learn, but ⑧.a cheater says, "I'm not
interested in what you're trying to teach; all I care about is stealing a
grade, regardless of the effect on others." The end result is a blatant and
destructive attack on the quality of your education. Finally, cheating can hurt
the reputation of the University, and harm those who worked hard for their
degree.
Why Integrity Matters
  If cheating becomes the norm, then we are in big trouble. ⑨.We must rely
on the honesty and good faith of others every day. If not, we couldn't put
money in the bank, buy food, clothing, or medicine from others, drive across a
bridge, get on a plane, go to the dentist--the list is endless. There are many
examples of the vast harm that is caused when individuals forget or ignore the
effect their dishonesty can have. The savings and loan scandal, the stock
market and junk bond swindles, and, of course, ⑩.Watergate, have undermined
the faith of many Americans in the integrity of political and economic leaders
and society as a whole. Such incidents take a tremendous toll on our nation's
economy and our individual well-being. For example, but for the savings and
loan debacle, there might be funds available to reduce the national debt and
pay for education.
  In sum, we all have a common stake in our school, our community, and our
society. Our actions do matter. It is essential that we act with integrity in
order to build the kind of world in which we want to live.
1. A person of integrity not only sets high moral and ethical standards but
also _______。
 A) sticks to them in their daily life  B) makes them known to others
 C) understands their true values   D) sees that others also follow them
2. What role does integrity play in personal and professional relationships?
 A) It helps to create team spirit  B) It facilitates communication
 C) It is the basis of mutual trust  D) It inspires mutual respect
3. Why must we learn to identify the risks we are going to take?
 A. To ensure we make responsible choices  B. To avoid being overwhelmed by
stress
 C. so that we don’t break any rules  D. so that we don’t run into
trouble
4. Violation of a rule is misconduct even if _______
 A. it has caused no harm   B. it is claimed to be
unintentional
 C. it has gone unnoticed   D. it is committed with good
intentions
5. What should one do if he doesn’t wish to fool himself?
 A. Avoid making excuses   B. Listen to other people’s advice
 C. Make his intensions public   D. Have others watch over his
shoulder
6. Those who take risks they regret later on _______。
 A. will often become more cautious  B. are usually very aggressive
2011年12月英语四级真题及答案.doc

共14页,预览5页

还剩页未读, 继续阅读

分类:行业题库 价格:3.2金币 属性:14 页 大小:90.5KB 格式:DOC 时间:2024-11-14

开通VIP享超值会员特权

  • 多端同步记录
  • 高速下载文档
  • 免费文档工具
  • 分享文档赚钱
  • 每日登录抽奖
  • 优质衍生服务
/ 14
客服
关注