2012年6月英语六级真题及答案

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2012 年 6 月英语六级真题及答案

　　Part Ⅰ Writing (30 minutes)

　　 Directions ： For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a

composition on the topic The Impact of the Internet on Interpersonal

Communication. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.

　　The Impact of the Internet on Interpersonal Communication

　　Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)(15minutes)

　　Directions: In this part. You will have 15 minutes to go over the passage

quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose

the best answer from the four choices marked A)、B)、C)and D). For questions 8-

10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.

　　The Three-Year Solution

　　 Hartwick College, a small liberal-arts school in upstate New York, makes

New York, makes this offer to well prepared students: earn your undergraduate

degree in three years instead of four, and save about 543,000—the amount of

one year’s tuition and fees. A number of innovative colleges are making the

same offer to students anxious about saving time and money. That’s both an

opportunity and a warning for the best higher-education system in the world.

　　 The United States has almost all of the world’s best universities. A

recent Chinese survey ranks 35 American universities among the top 50, eight

among the top 10. Our research universities have been the key to developing the

competitive advantages that help Americans produce 25% of all the world’s

wealth. In 2007, 623,805 of the world’s brightest students were attracted to

American universities.

　　Yet, there are signs of peril (危险)within American higher education. U.S.

colleges have to compete in the marketplace. Students may choose among 6,000

public, private, nonprofit, for profit, or religious institutions of higher

learning. In addition, almost all of the 532 billion the federal government

provides for university research is awarded competitively.

　　But many colleges and universities are stuck in the past. For instance, the

idea of the fall-to-spring“school year”hasn’t changed much since before the

American Revolution, when we were a summer stretch no longer makes sense.

Former George Washington University president Stephen Trachtenberg estimates

that a typical college uses its facilities for academic purposes a little more

than half the calendar year.“While college facilities sit idle, they continue

to generate maintenance expenses that contribute to the high cost of running a

college,” he has written.

　　 Within academic departments, tenure( 终身职位 ) ， combined with age-

discrimination laws, makes faculty turnover—critical for a university to

remain current in changing times—difficult. Instead of protecting speech and

encouraging diversity and innovative thinking, the tenure system often

stifles( 压制 )them: younger professors must win the approval of established

colleagues for tenure, encouraging like-mindedness and sometimes inhibiting the

free flow of ideas.

　　 Meanwhile, tuition has soared, leaving graduating students with

unprecedented loan debt. Strong campus presidents to manage these problems are

becoming harder to find, and to keep. In fact, students now stay on campus

almost as long as their presidents. The average amount of time students now

take to complete an undergraduate degree has stretched to six years and seven

months as students interrupted by work, inconvenienced by unavailable classes,

or lured by one more football season find it hard to graduate.

　　Congress has tried to help students with college costs through Pell Grants

and other forms of tuition support. But some of their fixes have made the

problem worse. The stack of congressional regulations governing federal student

grants and loans now stands twice as tall as I do. Filling out these forms

consumes 7% of every tuition dollar.

　　For all of these reasons, some colleges like Hartwick are rethinking the

old way of doing things and questioning decades-old assumptions about what a

college degree means. For instance, why does it have to take four years to earn

a diploma? This fall, 16 first-year students and four second-year students at

Hartwick enrolled in the school’s new three year degree program. According to

the college, the plan is designed for high-ability, highly motivated student

who wish to save money or to move along more rapidly toward advanced degrees.

　　 By eliminating that extra year, there year degree students save 25% in

costs. Instead of taking 30 credits a year, these students take 40. During

January, Hartwick runs a four week course during which students may earn three

to four credits on or off campus, including a number of international sites.

Summer courses are not required, but a student may enroll in them—and pay

extra. Three year students get first crack at course registration. There are no

changes in the number of courses professors teach or in their pay.

　　 The three-year degree isn’t a new idea. Geniuses have always breezed

through. Judson College, a 350-student institution in Alabama, has offered

students a three-year option for 40 years. Students attend “short terms” in

May and June to earn the credits required for graduation. Bates College in

Maine and Ball State University in Indiana are among other colleges offering

three-year options.

　　 Changes at the high-school level are also helping to make it easier for

many students to earn their undergraduate degrees in less time. One of five

students arrives at college today with Advanced Placement (AP) credits

amounting to a semester or more of college level work. Many universities,

including large schools like the University of Texas, make it easy for these AP

students to graduate faster.

　　 For students who don’t plan to stop with an undergraduate degree, the

three-year plan may have an even greater appeal. Dr. John Sergent, head of

Vanderbilt University Medical School’s residency (住院医生) program, enrolled

in Vanderbilt’s undergraduate college in 1959. He entered medical school after

only three years as did four or five of his classmates.” My first year of

medical school counted as my senior year, which meant I had to take three to

four labs a week to get all my sciences in. I basically skipped my senior

year,” says Sergent. He still had time to be a student senator and meet his

wife.

　　 There are, however, drawbacks to moving through school at such a brisk

pace. For one, it deprives students of the luxury of time to roam ( 遨游 )

intellectually. Compressing everything into three years also leaves less time

for growing up, engaging in extracurricular activities, and studying abroad. On

crowded campuses it could mean fewer opportunities to get into a prized

professor’s class. Iowa’s Waldorf College has graduated several hundred

students in its three-year degree program, but it now phasing out the option.

Most Waldorf students wanted the full four-year experience—academically,

socially, and athletically. And faculty members will be wary of any change that

threatens the core curriculum in the name of moving students into the

workforce.

　　“ Most high governmental officials seem to conceive of education in this

light—as a way to ensure economic competitiveness and continued economic

growth,” Derek Bok, former president of Harvard, told The Washington Post. “I

strongly disagree with this approach.” Another risk: the new campus schedules

might eventually produce less revenue for the institution and longer working

hours for faculty members.

　　 Adopting a three-year option will not come easily to most school. Those

that wish to tackle tradition and make American campus more cost-conscious may

find it easier to take Trachtenberg’s advice: open campuses year-round.“You

could run two complete colleges, with two complete faculties,”he

says.“That’s without cutting the length of students’ vacations, increasing

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