2014年6月英语六级真题第3套

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2014 年 6 月英语六级真题(三)

Part I Writing (30 minutes)

Directions:

For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay explaining why it is

unwise to put all your eggs in one basket. You can give examples to illustrate

your point. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.

Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)

说明：2014 年 6 月六级真题全国共考了两套听力。本套（即第三套）的听力内容与第二套的完全一样，只

是选项的顺序不一样而已，故在本套中不再重复给出。

Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)

Section A

Directions:

In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select

one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the

passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each

choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter

for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not

use any of the words in the bank more than once.

Questions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage.

Millions of Americans are entering their 60s and are more concerned than ever about

retirement. They know they need to save, but how much? And what exactly are they saving for

—to spend more time 36 the grandkids, go traveling, or start another career? It turns

out that husbands and wives may have 37 different ideas about, the subject.

The deepest divide is in the way spouses envisage their lifestyle in their later years.

Fidelity Investments Inc. found 41 percent of the 500 couples it surveyed 38 on whether

both or at least one spouse will work in retirement. Wives are generally right regarding

their husbands’ retirement age, but men 39 the age their wives will be when they stop

working. And husbands are slightly more 40 about their standard of living than wives

are.

Busy juggling (穷于应付) careers and families, most couples don’t take the time to sit

down, 41 or together, and think about what they would like to do 5,10 or 20 years from

now. They 42 they are on the same page, but the 43 is they have avoided even

talking about it.

If you are self-employed or in a job that doesn’t have a standard retirement age, you

may be more apt to delay thinking about these issues. It is often a 44 retirement date

that provides the catalyst ( 催化剂 ) to start planning. Getting laid off or accepting an

early-retirement 45 can force your hand. But don’t wait until you get a severance (遣散

费) check to begin planning.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡 2 上作答。

A) assume

B) confidential

C) disagree

D) formula

E) forthcoming

F) illustrating

G) mysteriously

H) observe

I) optimistic

J) package

K) radically

L) reality

M) separately

N) spoiling

O) underestimate

Section B

Directions:

In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to

it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify

the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph

more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by

marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.

What If Middle-Class Jobs Disappear?

A) The most recent recession in the United States began in December 2007 and ended in June

2009, according to the National Bureau of Economic Research. However, two years after the

official end of the recession, few Americans would say that economic troubles are behind us.

The unemployment rate, in particular, remains above 9%. Some labor market indicators, such

as the proportion of long-term unemployed, are worse now than for any postwar recession.

B) There are two widely circulated narratives to explain what’s going on. The Keynesian

narrative is that there has been a major drop in aggregate demand. According to this

narrative, the slump can be largely cured by using monetary and fiscal ( 财政的) stimulus.

The main anti-Keynesian narrative is that businesses are suffering from uncertainty and

over-regulation. According to this narrative, the slump can be cured by having the

government commit to and follow a more hands-off approach.

C) I want to suggest a third interpretation. Without ruling out a role for aggregate demand

or for the regulatory environment, I wish to suggest that structural change is an important

factor in the current rate of high unemployment. The economy is in a state of transition, in

which the middle-class jobs that emerged after World War II have begun to decline. As Erik

Brynjolfsson and Andrew McAfee put it in a recent e-book Race Against the Machine : “The

root of our problems is not that we’re in a great recession, or a great stagnation ( 停滞),

but rather that we are in the early throes (阵痛) of a great restructuring.”

D) In fact, I believe the Great Depression of the 1930s can also be interpreted in part as

an economic transition. The impact of the internal combustion engine (内燃机) and the small

electric motor on farming and manufacturing reduced the value of uneducated laborers.

Instead, by the 1950s, a middle class of largely clerical ( 从事文秘工作的) workers was the

most significant part of the labor force.

Between 1930 and 1950, the United States economy underwent a great transition. Demand

fell for human effort such as lifting, squeezing, and hammering. Demand increased for

workers who could read and follow directions. The evolutionary process eventually changed us

from a nation of laborers to a nation of clerks.

E) The proportion of employment classified as “clerical workers” grew from 5.2% in 1910 to

a peak of 19.3% in 1980. (However, by 2000 this proportion had edged down to 17.4%.)

Overall, workers classified as clerical workers, technical workers, managers and officials

exceeded 50% of the labor force by 2000. Corresponding declines took place in the manual

occupations. Workers classified as laborers, other than farm hands or miners, peaked at

11.4% of the labor force in 1920 but were barely 6% by 1950 and less than 4% by 2000.

Farmers and farm laborers fell from 33% of the labor force in 1910 to less than 15% by 1950

and only 1.2% in 2000.

F) The introduction of the tractor and improvements in the factory rapidly reduced the

demand for uneducated workers. By the 1930s, a marginal farm hand could not produce enough

to justify his employment. Sharecropping, never much better than a subsistence occupation,

was no longer viable (可行的). Meanwhile, machines were replacing manufacturing occupations

like cigar rolling and glass blowing for light bulbs.

G) The structural-transition interpretation of the unemployment problem of the 1930s would

be that the demand for uneducated workers in the United States had fallen, but the supply

remained high. The high school graduation rate was only 8.8% in 1912 and still just 29% in

1931. By 1950, it had reached 59%. With a new generation of workers who had completed high

school, the mismatch between skills and jobs had been greatly reduced.

H) What took place after World War II was not the revival of a 1920s economy, with its small

farming units, urban manufacturing, and plurality of laborers. Instead, the 1950s saw the

creation of a new suburban economy, with a plurality of white-collar workers. With an

expanded transportation and communications infrastructure ( 基础设施 ), businesses needed

telephone operators, shipping clerks and similar occupations. If you could read, follow

simple instructions, and settle into a routine, you could find a job in the post-war

economy.

I) The trend away from manual labor has continued. Even within the manufacturing sector, the

share of production and non-supervisory workers in manufacturing employment went from over

85% just after World War [I to less than 70% in more recent years. To put this another way,

the proportion of white-collar work in manufacturing has doubled over the past 50 years. On

the factory floor itself, work has become less physically demanding. Instead, it requires

more cognitive skills and the ability to understand and carry out well-defined procedures.

J) As noted earlier, the proportion of clerical workers in the economy peaked in 1980. By

that date, computers and advanced communications equipment had already begun to affect

telephone operations and banking. The rise of the personal computer, and the Internet has

widened the impact of these technologies to include nearly every business and industry.

K) The economy today differs from that of a generation ago. Mortgage and consumer loan

underwriters ( 风险评估人 ) have been replaced by credit scoring. Record stores have been

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