2018年12月英语四级真题及答案第三套

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2018 年 12 月英语四级真题及答案第三套

Part I Writing (30 minutes)

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on

the challenges of

starting a career after graduation. You should write at least 120 words but no

more than 180 words.

Part Ⅱ Listening Comprehension (25 minutes)

特别说明：由于四级考试全国共考了两套听力，本套真题听力与前两套内容相同，只是选

项顺序不同，故不再重复给出。

Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)

Section A

Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are

required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a

word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before

making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please

mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single

line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than

once.

A few months ago, I was down with a terrible cold which ended in a persistent

bad cough. No matter how many different26I tried, I still couldn’t get rid of

the cough. Not only did it 27 my teaching but also my life as a whole. Then

one day after class, a student came up to me and 28

traditional Chinese medicine. From her description, Chinese medicine sounded as

if it had magic power that worked wonders. I was 29 because I knew so little

about it and have never tried it before. Eventually, my cough got so much 30

that I couldn’t sleep at night, so I decided to give it a try. The Chinese

doctor took my pulse and asked to see my tongue, both of which were new 31 to

me because they are both non-existent in Western medicine. Then the doctor gave

me a scraping (刮) treatment known as ‘Gua Sha’. I was a little 32at first

because he used a smooth edged tool to scrape the skin on my neck and

shoulders. A few minutes later, the 33 strokes started to produce a relieving

effect and my body and mind began to 34 deeper into relaxation. I didn’t feel

any improvement in my condition in the first couple of days, but after a few

more regular visits to the doctor, my cough started to 35 . Then, within a

matter of weeks, it was completely gone!

A) deepen I) remedies

experiences J) scared

C) hesitant K) sensitive

inconvenience L) sink

E) lessen M) temporary

F) licenses N) tremble

G) pressured O) worse

recommended

Section B

Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten

statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of

the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived.

You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a

letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer

Sheet 2.

Is it really OK to eat food that’s fallen on the floor?

A) When you drop a piece of food on the floor, is it really OK to eat if you

pick it up within five seconds? An urban food myth contends that if food spends

just a few seconds on the floor, dirt and germs won’t have much of a chance to

contaminate it. Research in my lab has focused on how food becomes

contaminated, and we’ve done some work on this particular piece of wisdom.

B) While the “five-second rule” might not seem like the most pressing issue

for food scientists to get

to the bottom of, it’s still worth investigating food myths like this one

because they shape our beliefs about when food is safe to eat.

C) So is five seconds on the floor the critical threshold (门槛) that separates

a piece of eatable food from a case of food poisoning? It’s a bit more

complicated than that. It depends on just how many bacteria can make it from

floor to food in a few seconds and just how dirty the floor is.

D) Wondering if food is still OK to eat after it’s dropped on the floor is a

pretty common experience. And it’s probably not a new one either. A well-

known, but inaccurate, story about Julia Child may have contributed to this

food myth. Some viewers of her cooking show, The French Chef, insist they saw

Child drop lamb on the floor and pick it up, with the advice that if they were

alone in the kitchen, their guests would never know.

E) In fact it was a potato pancake, and it fell on the stovetop, not on the

floor. Child put it back in the pan, saying, “But you can always pick it up

and if you’re alone in the kitchen, who’s going to see it?” But the

misremembered story persists. It’s harder to pin down the origins of the oft-

quoted five-second rule, but a 2003 study reported that 70% of women and 56% of

men surveyed were familiar with the five-second rule and that women were more

likely than men to eat food that had dropped on the floor.

F) So what does science tell us about what a few moments on the floor means

for the safety of your food? The earliest research report on the five-second

rule is attributed to Jillian Clarke, a high school student participating in a

research project at the University of Illinois. Clarke and her colleagues

introduced bacteria to floor tiles (瓷砖) and then placed cookies on the tiles

for varying

times. They reported bacteria were transferred from the tiles to the cookies

within five seconds, but didn’t report the specific amount of bacteria that

made it from the tiles to the food

G) But how many bacteria actually transfer in five seconds? In 2007, my lab at

Clemson University published a study in the Journal of Applied Microbiology. We

wanted to know if the length of time food is in contact with a contaminated

surface affected the rate of transfer of bacteria to the food. To find out, we

introduced bacteria to squares of tile, carpet or wood. Five minutes after

that, we placed either bacon or bread on the surface for 5, 30 or 60 seconds,

and then measured the number of bacteria transferred to the food. We repeated

this exact procedure after the bacteria had been on the surface for 2, 4, 8 and

24 hours.

H) We found that the number of bacteria transferred to either kind of food

didn’t depend much on how long the food was in contact with the contaminated

surface – whether for a few seconds or for a whole minute. The overall number

of bacteria on the surface mattered more, and this decreased over time after

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