2001考研英语一真题及答案

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2001 考研英语一真题及答案

Part ⅠClose Test

Directions：

For each numbered blank in the following passage, there are four choices

marked ［A］, ［B］, ［C］ and ［D］. Choose the best one and mark your answer

on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a

pencil. (10 points)

①If a farmer wishes to succeed, he must try to keep a wide gap between his

consumption and his production. ②He must store a large quantity of grain 1

consuming all his grain immediately. ③He can continue to support himself and

his family 2 he produces a surplus. ④He must use this surplus in three ways:

as seed for sowing, as an insurance 3 the unpredictable effects of bad

weather and as a commodity which he must sell in order to 4 old agricultural

implements and obtain chemical fertilizers to 5 the soil. ⑤He may also need

money to construct irrigation 6 and improve his farm in other ways. ⑥If no

surplus is available, a farmer cannot be 7 . ⑦He must either sell some of

his property or 8 extra funds in the form of loans. ⑧Naturally he will try

to borrow money at a low 9 of interest, but loans of this kind are not 10

obtainable. ［139 words］

1.［A］ other than ［B］ as well as ［C］ instead of ［ D ］

more than

2.［A］ only if ［B］ much as ［C］ long before ［ D ］ ever

since

3.［A］ for ［B］ against ［C］ of

［D］towards

4.［A］ replace ［B］ purchase ［C］ supplement

［D］dispose

5.［A］ enhance ［B］ mix ［C］ feed ［D］ raise

6.［A］ vessels ［B］ routes ［C］ paths ［D］channels

7.［A］ self-confident ［B ］ self-sufficient［ C ］ self-satisfied ［D ］ self-

restrained

8.［A］ search ［B］ save ［C］ offer ［D］ seek

9.［A］ proportion ［B］ percentage ［C］ rate ［D］ ratio

10.［A］ genuinely ［B］ obviously ［C］ presumably ［ D ］

frequently

Part ⅡReading Comprehension

Directions:

Each of the passages below is followed by some questions. For each question

there are four answers marked ［A］, ［B］, ［C］ and ［D］. Read the passages

carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions. Then mark your

answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets

with a pencil. (40 points)

Passage 1

①A history of long and effortless success can be a dreadful handicap, but,

if properly handled, it may become a driving force. ②When the United States

entered just such a glowing period after the end of the Second World War, it

had a market eight times larger than any competitor, giving its industries

unparalleled economies of scale. ③Its scientists were the world s best; its

workers the most skilled. ④(11)America and Americans were prosperous beyond the

dreams of the Europeans and Asians whose economies the war had destroyed.

①It was inevitable that this primacy should have narrowed as other

countries grew richer. ②Just as inevitably, the retreat from predominance

proved painful. ③By the mid-1980s Americans had found themselves at a loss

over their fading industrial competitiveness. ④Some huge American industries,

such as consumer electronics, had shrunk or vanished in the face of foreign

competition. ⑤By 1987 there was only one American television maker left,

Zenith. ⑥(Now there is none: Zenith was bought by South Korea’s LG

Electronics in July.) ⑦ （ 12 ） Foreign-made cars and textiles were sweeping into

the domestic market. America’s machine-tool industry was on the ropes. ⑧For

a while it looked as though the making of semiconductors, which America had

invented and which sat at the heart of the new computer age, was going to be

the next casualty.

①All of this caused a crisis of confidence. ②Americans stopped taking

prosperity for granted. ③They began to believe that their way of doing

business was failing, and that their incomes would therefore shortly begin to

fall as well. ④The mid-1980s brought one inquiry after another into the causes

of America’s industrial decline. ⑤Their sometimes sensational findings were

filled with warnings about the growing competition from overseas.

①How things have changed! ②In 1995 the United States can look back on

five years of solid growth while Japan has been struggling. ③（14）Few Americans

attribute this solely to such obvious causes as a devalued dollar or the

turning of the business cycle. ④Self-doubt has yielded to blind pride.

⑤“American industry has changed its structure, has gone on a diet, has learnt

to be more quick-witted,” according to Richard Cavanaugh, executive dean of

Harvard’s Kennedy School of Government. ⑥“It makes me proud to be an

American just to see how our businesses are improving their productivity,”

says Stephen Moore of the Cato Institute, a think-tank in Washington, DC. ⑦And

William Sahlman of the Harvard Business School believes that people will look

back on this period as “a golden age of business management in the United

States.”［429 words］

11. The U.S. achieved its predominance after World War II because.

［A］ it had made painstaking efforts towards this goal

［B］ its domestic market was eight times larger than before

［C］ the war had destroyed the economies of most potential competitors

［D］ the unparalleled size of its workforce had given an impetus to its

economy

12. The loss of U.S. predominance in the world economy in the 1980s is

manifested in the fact that the American.

［A］ TV industry had withdrawn to its domestic market

［B］ semiconductor industry had been taken over by foreign enterprises

［C］ machine-tool industry had collapsed after suicidal actions

［D］ auto industry had lost part of its domestic market

13. What can be inferred from the passage?

［A］ It is human nature to shift between self-doubt and blind pride.

［B］ Intense competition may contribute to economic progress.

［C］ The revival of the economy depends on international cooperation.

［D］ A long history of success may pave the way for further development.

14. The author seems to believe the revival of the U.S. economy in the

1990s can be attributed to the.

［A］ turning of the business cycle ［B］ restructuring of industry

［C］ improved business management ［D］ success in education

Passage 2

①（ 15 ） Being a man has always been dangerous. ②There are about 105 males

born for every 100 females, but this ratio drops to near balance at the age of

maturity, and among 70-year-olds there are twice as many women as men. ③But

the great universal of male mortality is being changed. ④Now, boy babies

survive almost as well as girls do. ⑤This means that, for the first time,

there will be an excess of boys in those crucial years when they are searching

for a mate. ⑥More important, another chance for natural selection has been

removed. ⑦Fifty years ago, the chance of a baby (particularly a boy baby)

surviving depended on its weight. A kilogram too light or too heavy meant

almost certain death. ⑧Today it makes almost no difference. Since much of the

variation is due to genes, one more agent of evolution has gone.

①There is another way to commit evolutionary suicide: stay alive, but have

fewer children. ②Few people are as fertile as in the past. ③Except in some

religious communities, very few women have 15 children. ④Nowadays the number

of births, like the age of death, has become average. ⑤Most of us have roughly

the same number of offspring. ⑥ （ 16 ） Again, differences between people and the

opportunity for natural selection to take advantage of it have diminished.

⑦India shows what is happening. The country offers wealth for a few in the

great cities and poverty for the remaining tribal peoples. ⑧The grand

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