2008考研英语一真题及答案

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2008 考研英语一真题及答案

Section I Use of English

Directions:

Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and

mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)

The idea that some groups of people may be more intelligent than others is one

of those hypotheses that dare not speak its name. But Gregory Cochran is

___1___ to say it anyway. He is that ___2___ bird, a scientist who works

independently ___3___ any institution. He helped popularize the idea that some

diseases not ___4___ thought to have a bacterial cause were actually

infections, which aroused much controversy when it was first suggested.

___5___ he, however, might tremble at the ___6___ of what he is about to do.

Together with another two scientists, he is publishing a paper which not only

___7___ that one group of humanity is more intelligent than the others, but

explains the process that has brought this about. The group in ___8___ are a

particular people originated from central Europe. The process is natural

selection.

This group generally do well in IQ test, ___9___ 12-15 points above the

___10___ value of 100, and have contributed ___11___ to the intellectual and

cultural life of the West, as the ___12___ of their elites, including several

world-renowned scientists, ___13___. They also suffer more often than most

people from a number of nasty genetic diseases, such as breast cancer. These

facts, ___14___, have previously been thought unrelated. The former has been

___15___ to social effects, such as a strong tradition of ___16___ education.

The latter was seen as a (an) ___17___ of genetic isolation. Dr. Cochran

suggests that the intelligence and diseases are intimately ___18___. His

argument is that the unusual history of these people has ___19___ them to

unique evolutionary pressures that have resulted in this ___20___ state of

affairs.

1. [A] selected [B] prepared [C] obliged [D] pleased

2. [A] unique [B] particular [C] special [D] rare

3. [A] of [B] with [C] in [D] against

4. [A] subsequently [B] presently [C] previously [D] lately

5. [A] Only [B] So [C] Even [D] Hence

6. [A] thought [B] sight [C] cost [D] risk

7. [A] advises [B] suggests [C] protests [D] objects

8. [A] progress [B] fact [C] need [D] question

9. [A] attaining [B] scoring [C] reaching

[D] calculating

10. [A] normal [B] common [C] mean [D] total

11.[A]unconsciously [B]disproportionately [C]indefinitely [D] unaccountably

12. [A] missions [B] fortunes [C] interests [D]

careers

13. [A] affirm [B] witness [C] observe [D] approve

14. [A] moreover [B] therefore [C] however [D] meanwhile

15. [A] given up [B] got over [C] carried on [D] put down

16. [A] assessing [B] supervising [C] administering [D]

valuing

17. [A] development [B] origin [C] consequence [D]

instrument

18. [A] linked [B] integrated [C] woven [D] combined

19. [A] limited [B] subjected [C] converted [D]

directed

20. [A] paradoxical [B] incompatible [C] inevitable [D]

continuous

Section II Reading Comprehension

Part A

Directions:

Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing

A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)

Text 1

While still catching-up to men in some spheres of modern life, women appear to

be way ahead in at least one undesirable category. “Women are particularly

susceptible to developing depression and anxiety disorders in response to

stress compared to men,” according to Dr. Yehuda, chief psychiatrist at New

York’s Veteran’s Administration Hospital.

Studies of both animals and humans have shown that sex hormones somehow affect

the stress response, causing females under stress to produce more of the

trigger chemicals than do males under the same conditions. In several of the

studies, when stressed-out female rats had their ovaries (the female

reproductive organs) removed, their chemical responses became equal to those of

the males.

Adding to a woman’s increased dose of stress chemicals, are her increased

“opportunities” for stress. “It’s not necessarily that women don’t cope as

well. It’s just that they have so much more to cope with,” says Dr. Yehuda.

“Their capacity for tolerating stress may even be greater than men’s,” she

observes, “it’s just that they’re dealing with so many more things that they

become worn out from it more visibly and sooner.”

Dr. Yehuda notes another difference between the sexes. “I think that the kinds

of things that women are exposed to tend to be in more of a chronic or repeated

nature. Men go to war and are exposed to combat stress. Men are exposed to more

acts of random physical violence. The kinds of interpersonal violence that

women are exposed to tend to be in domestic situations, by, unfortunately,

parents or other family members, and they tend not to be one-shot deals. The

wear-and-tear that comes from these longer relationships can be quite

devastating.”

Adeline Alvarez married at 18 and gave birth to a son, but was determined to

finish college. “I struggled a lot to get the college degree. I was living in

so much frustration that that was my escape, to go to school, and get ahead and

do better.” Later, her marriage ended and she became a single mother. “It’s

the hardest thing to take care of a teenager, have a job, pay the rent, pay the

car payment, and pay the debt. I lived from paycheck to paycheck.”

Not everyone experiences the kinds of severe chronic stresses Alvarez

describes. But most women today are coping with a lot of obligations, with few

breaks, and feeling the strain. Alvarez’s experience demonstrates the

importance of finding ways to diffuse stress before it threatens your health

and your ability to function.

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