2009考研英语一真题及答案

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2009 考研英语一真题及答案

Section I Use of English

Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and

mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)

Research on animal intelligence always makes me wonder just how smart humans

are. 1 the fruit-fly experiments described in Carl Zimmer’s piece in the

Science Times on Tuesday. Fruit flies who were taught to be smarter than the

average fruit fly 2 to live shorter lives. This suggests that 3 bulbs burn

longer, that there is an 4 in not being too terrifically bright.

Intelligence, it 5 out, is a high-priced option. It takes more upkeep, burns

more fuel and is slow 6 the starting line because it depends on learning — a

gradual 7 — instead of instinct. Plenty of other species are able to learn,

and one of the things they’ve apparently learned is when to 8 .

Is there an adaptive value to 9 intelligence? That’s the question behind this

new research. I like it. Instead of casting a wistful glance 10 at all the

species we’ve left in the dust I.Q.-wise, it implicitly asks what the real 11

of our own intelligence might be. This is 12 the mind of every animal I’ve

ever met.

Research on animal intelligence also makes me wonder what experiments animals

would 13 on humans if they had the chance. Every cat with an owner, 14 , is

running a small-scale study in operant conditioning. we believe that 15 animals

ran the labs, they would test us to 16 the limits of our patience, our

faithfulness, our memory for terrain. They would try to decide what

intelligence in humans is really 17 , not merely how much of it there is. 18 ,

they would hope to study a 19 question: Are humans actually aware of the world

they live in? 20 the results are inconclusive.

1. [A] Suppose [B] Consider [C] Observe [D] Imagine

2. [A] tended [B] feared [C] happened [D] threatened

3. [A] thinner [B] stabler [C] lighter [D] dimmer

4. [A] tendency [B] advantage [C] inclination [D] priority

5. [A] insists on [B] sums up [C] turns out [D] puts forward

6. [A] off [B] behind [C] over [D] along

7. [A] incredible [B] spontaneous [C]inevitable [D] gradual

8. [A] fight [B] doubt [C] stop [D] think

9. [A] invisible [B] limited [C] indefinite [D] different

10. [A] upward [B] forward [C] afterward [D] backward

11. [A] features [B] influences [C] results [D] costs

12. [A] outside [B] on [C] by [D] across

13. [A] deliver [B] carry [C] perform [D] apply

14. [A] by chance [B] in contrast [C] as usual [D] for instance

15. [A] if [B] unless [C] as [D] lest

16. [A] moderate [B] overcome [C] determine [D] reach

17. [A] at [B] for [C] after [D] with

18. [A] Above all [B] After all [C] However [D] Otherwise

19. [A] fundamental [B] comprehensive [C] equivalent [D] hostile

20. [A] By accident [B] In time [C] So far [D] Better still

Section II Reading Comprehension

Part A

Directions:

Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing

A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)

Text1

Habits are a funny thing. We reach for them mindlessly, setting our brains on

auto-pilot and relaxing into the unconscious comfort of familiar routine. “Not

choice, but habit rules the unreflecting herd,” William Wordsworth said in the

19th century. In the ever-changing 21st century, even the word “habit”

carries a negative connotation.

So it seems antithetical to talk about habits in the same context as creativity

and innovation. But brain researchers have discovered that when we consciously

develop new habits, we create parallel synaptic paths, and even entirely new

brain cells, that can jump our trains of thought onto new, innovative tracks.

But don’t bother trying to kill off old habits; once those ruts of procedure

are worn into the hippocampus, they’re there to stay. Instead, the new habits

we deliberately ingrain into ourselves create parallel pathways that can bypass

those old roads.

“The first thing needed for innovation is a fascination with wonder,” says

Dawna Markova, author of “The Open Mind” and an executive change consultant

for Professional Thinking Partners. “But we are taught instead to ‘decide,’

just as our president calls himself ‘the Decider.’ ” She adds, however, that

“to decide is to kill off all possibilities but one. A good innovational

thinker is always exploring the many other possibilities.”

All of us work through problems in ways of which we’re unaware, she says.

Researchers in the late 1960 covered that humans are born with the capacity to

approach challenges in four primary ways: analytically, procedurally,

relationally (or collaboratively) and innovatively. At puberty, however, the

brain shuts down half of that capacity, preserving only those modes of thought

that have seemed most valuable during the first decade or so of life.

The current emphasis on standardized testing highlights analysis and procedure,

meaning that few of us inherently use our innovative and collaborative modes of

thought. “This breaks the major rule in the American belief system — that

anyone can do anything,” explains M. J. Ryan, author of the 2006 book “This

Year I Will...” and Ms. Markova’s business partner. “That’s a lie that we

have perpetuated, and it fosters commonness. Knowing what you’re good at and

doing even more of it creates excellence.” This is where developing new habits

comes in.

21. The view of Wordsworth habit is claimed by being

A. casual B. familiar C. mechanical D. changeable.

22. The researchers have discovered that the formation of habit can be

A. predicted B. regulated C. traced D. guided

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