2013考研英语二真题及答案

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2013 考研英语二真题及答案

Section I Use of English

　Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each

numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)

　　Given the advantages of electronic money, you might think that we would

move quickly to the cashless society in which all payments are made

electronically. ___1___, a true cashless society is probably not around the

corner. Indeed, predictions of such a society have been ___2___ for two decades

but have not yet come to fruition. For example, Business Week predicted in 1975

that electronic means of payment “would soon revolutionize the very ___3___ of

money itself,” only to ___4___ itself several years later. Why has the

movement to a cashless society been so ___5___ in coming?

　　Although e-money might be more convenient and may be more efficient than a

payments system based on paper, several factors work __6___ the disappearance

of the paper system. First, it is very ___7___ to set up the computer, card

reader, and telecommunications networks necessary to make electronic money the

___8___ form of payment. Second, paper checks have the advantage that they

___9___ receipts, something that many consumers are unwilling to ___10___.

Third, the use of paper checks gives consumers several days of "float"-it takes

several days ___11___ a check is cashed and funds are ___12___ from the

issuer's account, which means that the writer of the check can earn interest on

the funds in the meantime. ___13___ electronic payments are immediate, they

eliminate the float for the consumer. Fourth, electronic means of payment

___14___ security and privacy concerns. We often hear media reports that an

unauthorized hacker has been able to access a computer database and to alter

information ___15___ there.

　　 Because this is not an ___16___ occurrence, unscrupulous persons might be

able to access bank accounts in electronic payments systems and ___17___ funds

by moving them from someone else’s accounts into their own. The ___18___ of

this type of fraud is no easy task, and a whole new field of computer science

has developed to ___19___ security issues. A further concern is that the use of

electronic means of payment leaves an electronic ___20___ that contains a large

amount of personal data on buying habits. There are worries that government,

employers, and marketers might be able to access these data, thereby

encroaching on our privacy.

　　1. [A] However [B] Moreover [C] Therefore [D] Otherwise

　　2. [A] off [B] back [C] over [D] around

　　3. [A] power [B] concept [C] history [D] role

　　4. [A] reward [B] resist [C] resume [D] reverse

　　5. [A] silent [B] sudden [C] slow [D] steady

　　6. [A] for [B] against [C]with [D] on

　　7. [A] imaginative [B] expensive [C] sensitive [D] productive

　　8. [A] similar [B] original [C] temporary [D] dominant

　　9. [A] collect [B] provide [C] copy [D] print

　　10. [A] give up [B] take over [C] bring back [D] pass down

　　11. [A] before [B] after [C] since [D] when

　　12. [A] kept [B] borrowed [C] released [D] withdrawn

　　13. [A] Unless [B] Until [C] Because [D] Though

　　14. [A] hide [B] express [C] raise [D]ease

　　15. [A] analyzed [B] shared [C] stored [D] displayed

　　16. [A] unsafe [B] unnatural [C] uncommon [D] unclear

　　17. [A] steal [B] choose [C] benefit [D] return

　　18. [A] consideration [B] prevention [C] manipulation [D] justification

　　19. [A] cope with [B] fight against [C] adapt to [D] call for

　　20. [A] chunk [B] chip [C] path [D] trail

Section II Reading Comprehension

　　 Part A

　　Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each

text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)

　　Text 1

　　In an essay entitled “Making It in America”, the author Adam Davidson

relates a joke from cotton about just how much a modern textile mill has been

automated: The average mill only two employees today,” a man and a dog. The

man is there to feed the dog is there to keep the man away from the machines.”

　　Davidson’s article is one of a number of pieces that have recently

appeared making the point that the reason we have such stubbornly high

unemployment and declining middle-class incomes today is also because of the

advances in both globalization and the information technology revolution, which

are more rapidly than ever replacing labor with machines or foreign worker.

　　In the past, workers with average skills, doing an average job，could earn

an average lifestyle ,But ,today ,average is officially over. Being average

just won’t earn you what it used to. It can’t when so many more employers

have so much more access to so much more above average cheap foreign labor,

cheap robotics, cheap software, cheap automation and cheap genius. Therefore,

everyone needs to find their extra-their unique value contribution that makes

them stand out in whatever is their field of employment.

　　Yes, new technology has been eating jobs forever, and always will. But

there’s been an acceleration. As Davidson notes,” In the 10 years ending in

2009, [U.S.] factories shed workers so fast that they erased almost all the

gains of the previous 70 years; roughly one out of every three manufacturing

jobs-about 6 million in total -disappeared.

　　There will always be changed-new jobs, new products, new services. But the

one thing we know for sure is that with each advance in globalization and the

I.T. revolution, the best jobs will require workers to have more and better

education to make themselves above average.

　　In a world where average is officially over, there are many things we need

to do to support employment, but nothing would be more important than passing

some kind of G.I.Bill for the 21st century that ensures that every American has

access to poet-high school education.

　　21. The joke in Paragraph 1 is used to illustrate_______

　　[A] the impact of technological advances

　　[B] the alleviation of job pressure

　　[C] the shrinkage of textile mills

　　[D] the decline of middle-class incomes

　　22. According to Paragraph 3, to be a successful employee, one has to______

　　[A] work on cheap software

　　[B] ask for a moderate salary

　　[C] adopt an average lifestyle

　　[D] contribute something unique

　　23. The quotation in Paragraph 4 explains that ______

　　[A] gains of technology have been erased

　　[B] job opportunities are disappearing at a high speed

　　[C] factories are making much less money than before

　　[D] new jobs and services have been offered

　　24. According to the author, to reduce unemployment, the most important

is_____

　　[A] to accelerate the I.T. revolution

　　[B] to ensure more education for people

　　[C] ro advance economic globalization

　　[D] to pass more bills in the 21st century

　　25. Which of the following would be the most appropriate title for the

text?

　　[A] New Law Takes Effect

　　[B] Technology Goes Cheap

　　[C] Average Is Over

　　[D] Recession Is Bad

　Text 2

　　A century ago, the immigrants from across the Atlantic inclued settlers and

sojourners. Along with the many folks looking to make a permanent home in the

United States came those who had no intention to stay, and 7millin people

arrived while about 2 million departed. About a quarter of all Italian

immigrants, for exanmle, eventually returned to Italy for good. They even had

an affectionate nickname, “uccelli di passaggio,” birds of passage.

　　Today, we are much more rigid about immigrants. We divide nemcomers into

two categories: legal or illegal, good or bad. We hail them as Americans in the

making, or our broken immigrantion system and the long political paralysis over

how to fix it. We don’t need more categories, but we need to change the way we

think about categories. We need to look beyond strick definitions of legal and

illegal. To start, we can recognize the new birds of passage, those living and

thriving in the gray areas. We might then begin to solve our immigration

challenges.

　　Crop pickers, violinists, construction workers, entrepreneurs, engineers,

home health-care aides and physicists are among today’s birds of passage. They

are energetic participants in a global economy driven by the flow of work,

money and ideas .They prefer to come and go as opportunity calls them , They

can manage to have a job in one place and a family in another.

　　With or without permission, they straddle laws, jurisdictions and

identities with ease. We need them to imagine the United States as a place

where they can be productive for a while without committing themselves to

staying forever. We need them to feel that home can be both here and there and

that they can belong to two nations honorably.

　　Accommodating this new world of people in motion will require new attitudes

on both sides of the immigration battle .Looking beyond the culture war logic

of right or wrong means opening up the middle ground and understanding that

managing immigration today requires multiple paths and multiple outcomes.

Including some that are not easy to accomplish legally in the existing system.

　　26 “Birds of passage” refers to those who____

　　[A] immigrate across the Atlantic.

　　[B] leave their home countries for good.

　　[C] stay in a foregin temporaily.

　　[D] find permanent jobs overseas.

　　27 It is implied in paragraph 2 that the current immigration stystem in the

US____

　　[A] needs new immigrant categories.

　　[B] has loosened control over immigrants.

　　[C] should be adopted to meet challenges.

　　[D] has been fixeed via political means.

　　28 According to the author, today’s birds of passage want___

　　[A] fiancial incentives.

　　[B] a global recognition.

　　[C] opportunities to get regular jobs.

　　[D] the freedom to stay and leave.

　　29 The author suggests that the birds of passage today should be treated __

　　[A] as faithful partners.

　　[B] with economic favors.

　　[C] with legal tolerance.

　　[D] as mighty rivals.

　　30 which of the best title for the passage?

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