2013年考研英语一真题及答案

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2013 年考研英语一真题及答案

Section I Use of English

Directions:

Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and

mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)

People are, on the whole, poor at considering background information when

making individual decisions. At first glance this might seem like a strength

that 1 the ability to make judgments which are unbiased by 2 factors. But

Dr. Uri Simonsohn speculated that an inability to consider the big 3 was

leading decision-makers to be biased by the daily samples of information they

were working with. 4 , he theorised that a judge 5 of appearing too soft 6

crime might be more likely to send someone to prison 7 he had already

sentenced five or six other defendants only to forced community service on that

day.

To 8 this idea, he turned to the university-admissions process. In theory,

the 9 of an applicant should not depend on the few others 10 randomly for

interview during the same day, but Dr. Simonsoho suspected the truth was 11 .

He studied the results of 9,323 MBA interviews 12 by 31 admissions officers.

The interviewers had 13 applicants on a scale of one to five. This scale 14

numerous factors into consideration. The scores were 15 used in conjunction

with an applicant’s score on the Graduate Management Admission Test, or GMAT,

a standardized exam which is 16 out of 800 points, to make a decision on

whether to accept him or her.

Dr. Simonsohn found if the score of the previous candidate in a daily series of

interviewees was 0.75 points or more higher than that of the one 17 that,

then the score for the next applicant would 18 by an average of 0.075 points.

This might sound small, but to 19 the effects of such a decrease a candidate

would need 30 more GMAT points than would otherwise have been 20 .

1.[A] grants [B] submits [C] transmits [D] delivers

2.[A] minor [B] external [C] crucial [D] objective

3.[A] issue [B] vision [C] picture [D] moment

4.[A] Above all [B] On average [C] In principle [D] For example

5.[A] fond [B] fearful [C] capable [D] thoughtless

6.[A] in [B] for [C] to [D] on

7.[A] if [B] until [C] though [D] unless

8.[A] test [B] emphasize [C] share [D] promote

9.[A] decision [B] quality [C] status [D] success

10.[A] found [B] studied [C] chosen [D] identified

11.[A] otherwise [B] defensible [C] replaceable [D] exceptional

12.[A] inspired [B] expressed [C] conducted [D] secured

13.[A] assigned [B] rated [C] matched [D] arranged

14.[A] put [B] got [C] took [D] gave

15.[A] instead [B] then [C] ever [D] rather

16.[A] selected [B] passed [C] marked [D] introduced

17.[A] below [B] after [C] above [D] before

18.[A] jump [B] float [C] fluctuate [D] drop

19.[A] achieve [B] undo [C] maintain [D] disregard

20.[A] necessary [B] possible [C] promising [D] helpful

Section II Reading Comprehension

Part A

Directions:

Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing

A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)

Text 1

In the 2006 film version of The Devil Wears Prada, Miranda Priestly, played by

Meryl Streep, scolds her unattractive assistant for imagining that high fashion

doesn’t affect her. Priestly explains how the deep blue color of the

assistant’s sweater descended over the years from fashion shows to department

stores and to the bargain bin in which the poor girl doubtless found her

garment.

This top-down conception of the fashion business couldn’t be more out of date

or at odds with the feverish world described in Overdressed, Elizabeth Cline’s

three-year indictment of “fast fashion”. In the last decade or so, advances

in technology have allowed mass-market labels such as Zara, H&M, and Uniqlo to

react to trends more quickly and anticipate demand more precisely. Quicker

turnarounds mean less wasted inventory, more frequent releases, and more

profit. These labels encourage style-conscious consumers to see clothes as

disposable—meant to last only a wash or two, although they don’t advertise

that—and to renew their wardrobe every few weeks. By offering on-trend items

at dirt-cheap prices, Cline argues, these brands have hijacked fashion cycles,

shaking an industry long accustomed to a seasonal pace.

The victims of this revolution, of course, are not limited to designers. For

H&M to offer a $5.95 knit miniskirt in all its 2,300-plus stores around the

world, it must rely on low-wage overseas labor, order in volumes that strain

natural resources, and use massive amounts of harmful chemicals.

Overdressed is the fashion world’s answer to consumer-activist bestsellers

like Michael Pollan’s The Omnivore’s Dilemma. “Mass-produced clothing, like

fast food, fills a hunger and need, yet is non-durable and wasteful,” Cline

argues. Americans, she finds, buy roughly 20 billion garments a year—about 64

items per person—and no matter how much they give away, this excess leads to

waste.

Towards the end of Overdressed, Cline introduced her ideal, a Brooklyn woman

named Sarah Kate Beaumont, who since 2008 has made all of her own clothes—and

beautifully. But as Cline is the first to note, it took Beaumont decades to

perfect her craft; her example can’t be knocked off.

Though several fast-fashion companies have made efforts to curb their impact on

labor and the environment—including H&M, with its green Conscious Collection

line—Cline believes lasting change can only be effected by the customer. She

exhibits the idealism common to many advocates of sustainability, be it in food

or in energy. Vanity is a constant; people will only start shopping more

sustainably when they can’t afford not to.

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