2014年考研英语二真题及答案
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2014 年考研英语二真题及答案
Section I Use of English
Directions
:
Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered
blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)
Thinner isn’t always better. A number of studies have __1___ that normal-
weight people are in fact at higher risk of some diseases compared to those who
are overweight. And there are health conditions for which being overweight is
actually ___2___. For example, heavier women are less likely to develop calcium
deficiency than thin women. ___3___ among the elderly, being somewhat
overweight is often an ___4___ of good health.
Of even greater ___5___ is the fact that obesity turns out to be very
difficult to define. It is often defined ___6___ body mass index, or BMI. BMI
___7__ body mass divided by the square of height. An adult with a BMI of 18 to
25 is often considered to be normal weight. Between 25 and 30 is overweight.
And over 30 is considered obese. Obesity, ___8___,can be divided into
moderately obese, severely obese, and very severely obese.
While such numerical standards seem 9 , they are not. Obesity is probably
less a matter of weight than body fat. Some people with a high BMI are in fact
extremely fit, 10 others with a low BMI may be in poor 11 .For example, many
collegiate and professional football players 12 as obese, though their
percentage body fat is low. Conversely, someone with a small frame may have
high body fat but a 13 BMI.
Today we have a(an) _14 _ to label obesity as a disgrace.The overweight are
sometimes_15 _in the media with their faces covered. Stereotypes _16_ with
obesity include laziness, lack of will power,and lower prospects for
success.Teachers,employers,and health professionals have been shown to harbor
biases against the obese. _17_very young children tend to look down on the
overweight, and teasing about body build has long been a problem in schools.
Negative attitudes toward obesity, _18_ in health concerns, have
stimulated a number of anti-obesity _19_ .My own hospital system has banned
sugary drinks from its facilities. Many employers have instituted weight loss
and fitness initiatives. Michelle Obama launched a high-visibility campaign _20
_ childhood obesity, even claiming that it represents our greatest national
security threat.
1. [A] denied [B] conduced [C] doubled [D] ensured
2. [A] protective [B] dangerous [C] sufficient [D]troublesome
3. [A] Instead [B] However [C] Likewise [D] Therefore
4. [A] indicator [B] objective [C] origin [D] example
5. [A] impact [B] relevance [C] assistance [D] concern
6. [A] in terms of [B] in case of [C] in favor of [D] in of
7. [A] measures [B] determines [C] equals [D] modifies
8. [A] in essence [B] in contrast [C] in turn [D] in part
9. [A] complicated [B] conservative [C] variable [D] straightforward
10. [A] so [B] unlike [C] since [D] unless
11. [A] shape [B] spirit [C] balance [D] taste
12. [A] start [B] quality [C] retire [D] stay
13. [A] strange [B] changeable [C] normal [D] constant
14. [A] option [B] reason [C] opportunity [D] tendency
15. [A] employed [B] pictured [C] imitated [D] monitored
16. [A] [B] combined [C] settled [D] associated
17. [A] Even [B] Still [C] Yet [D] Only
18. [A] despised [B] corrected [C] ignored [D] grounded
19. [A] discussions [B] businesses [C] policies [D] studies
20. [A] for [B] against [C] with [D] without
Section II Reading Comprehension
Part A
Directions:
Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text
by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)
Text 1
What would you do with 590m? This is now a question for Gloria Mackenzie,
an 84-year-old widow who recently emerged from her small, tin-roofed house in
Florida to collect the biggest undivided lottery jackpot in history. If she
hopes her new-found for tune will yield lasting feelings of fulfillment, she
could do worse than read Happy Money by Elizabeth Dumn and Michael Norton.
These two academics use an array of behavioral research to show that the
most rewarding ways to spend money can be counterintuitive. Fantasies of great
wealth often involve visions of fancy cars and extravagant homes. Yet
satisfaction with these material purchases wears off fairly quickly what was
once exciting and new becomes old-hat; regret creeps in. It is far better to
spend money on experiences, say Ms Dumn and Mr Norton, like interesting trips,
unique meals or even going to the cinema. These purchases often become more
valuable with time-as stories or memories-particularly if they involve feeling
more connected to others.
This slim volume is packed with tips to help wage slaves as well as lottery
winners get the most "happiness bang for your buck." It seems most people would
be better off if they could shorten their commutes to work, spend more time
with friends and family and less of it watching television (something the
average American spends a whopping two months a year doing, and is hardly
jollier for it).Buying gifts or giving to charity is often more pleasurable
than purchasing things for oneself, and luxuries are most enjoyable when they
are consumed sparingly. This is apparently the reason MacDonald's restricts the
availability of its popular McRib - a marketing trick that has turned the pork
sandwich into an object of obsession.
Readers of “HappyMoney” are clearly a privileged lot, anxious about
fulfillment, not hunger.Money may not quite buy happiness, but people in
wealthier countries are generally happier than those in poor ones. Yet the link
between feeling good and spending money on others can be seen among rich and
poor people around the world, and scarcity enhances the pleasure of most things
for most people. Not everyone will agree with the authors’ policy ideas, which
range from mandating more holiday time to reducing tax incentives for American
homebuyers. But most people will come away from this book believing it was
money well spent.
21. According to Dumn and Norton,which of the following is the most
rewarding purchase?
[A]A big house
[B]A special tour
[C]A stylish car
[D]A rich meal
22. The author’s attitude toward Americans’ watching TV is
[A]critical
[B]supportive
[C]sympathetic
[D]ambiguous
23. Macrib is mentioned in paragraph 3 to show that
[A]consumers are sometimes irrational
[B]popularity usually comes after quality
[C]marketing tricks are after effective
[D]rarity generally increases pleasure
24. According to the last paragraph,Happy Money
[A]has left much room for readers’criticism
[B]may prove to be a worthwhile purchase
[C]has predicted a wider income gap in the us
[D]may give its readers a sense of achievement
25. This text mainly discusses how to
[A]balance feeling good and spending money
[B]spend large sums of money won in lotteries
[C]obtain lasting satisfaction from money spent
[D]become more reasonable in spending on luxuries
Text 2
An article in Scientific America has pointed out that empirical research
says that, actually, you think you’re more beautiful than you are. We have a
deep-seated need to feel good about ourselves and we naturally employ a number
of self-enhancing strategies to research into what the call the “above average
effect”, or “illusory superiority”, and shown that, for example, 70% of us
rate ourselves as above average in leadership, 93% in driving and 85% at
getting on well with others—all obviously statistical impossibilities.
We rose tint our memories and put ourselves into self-affirming situations.
We become defensive when criticized, and apply negative stereotypes to others
to boost our own esteem, we stalk around thinking we’re hot stuff.
Psychologist and behavioral scientist Nicholas Epley oversaw a key studying
into self-enhancement and attractiveness. Rather that have people simply rate
their beauty compress with others, he asked them to identify an original
photogragh of themselves’ from a lineup including versions that had been
altered to appear more and less attractive. Visual recognition, reads the
study, is “an automatic psychological process occurring rapidly and
intuitively with little or no apparent conscious deliberation”. If the
subjects quickly chose a falsely flattering image- which must did- they
genuinely believed it was really how they looked. Epley found no significant
gender difference in responses. Nor was there any evidence that, those who
self-enhance the must (that is, the participants who thought the most
positively doctored picture were real) were doing so to make up for profound
insecurities. In fact those who thought that the images higher up the
attractiveness scale were real directly corresponded with those who showed
other makers for having higher self-esteem. “I don’t think the findings that
we having have are any evidence of personal delusion”, says Epley. “It’s a
reflection simply of people generally thinking well of themselves’. If you are
depressed, you won’t be self-enhancing. Knowing the results of Epley ‘s
study,it makes sense that why people heat photographs of themselves Viscerally-
on one level, they don’t even recognise the person in the picture as
themselves, Facebook therefore ,is a self-enhancer’s paradise,where people can
share only the most flattering photos, the cream of their wit ,style ,beauty,
intellect and lifestyle it’s not that people’s profiles are dishonest,says
catalina toma of Wiscon—Madison university ,”but they portray an idealized
version of themselves.
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