2018考研英语二真题及答案

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2018 考研英语二真题及答案

SectionⅠ Use of English

Directions:

Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and

mark[A],[B], [C] or [D] on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)

Why do people read negative Internet comments and do other things that will

obviously be

painful? Because humans have an inherent need to 1 uncertainty, according to a

recent study in

Psychological Science. The new research reveals that the need to know is strong

that people will 2 to

satisfy their curiosity even when it is clear the answer will 3 .

In a series of experiments, behavioral scientists at the University of Chicago

and the Wisconsin

school of Business tested students’ willingness to 4 themselves to unpleasant

stimuli in an effort to

satisfy curiosity. For one 5 , each participant was shown a pile of pens that

the researcher claimed

were from a previous experiment. The twist? Half of the pens would 6 an

electric shock when

clicked.

Twenty-seven students were told with pens were electrified; another twenty-

seven were told

only that some were electrified. 7 left alone in the room. The students who did

not know which ones

would shock them clicked more pens and incurred more shocks than the students

who knew that

would 8 . Subsequent experiments reproduced this effect with other stimuli, 9

the sound of

fingernails on a chalkboard and photographs of disgusting insects.

The drive to 10 is deeply rooted in humans, much the same as the basic drives

for 11 or shelter,

says Christopher Hsee of the University of Chicago. Curiosity is often

considered a good instinct—it

can 12 new scientific advances, for instance—but sometimes such 13 can

backfire. The insight that

curiosity can drive you to do 14 things is a profound one.

Unhealthy curiosity is possible to 15 , however. In a final experiment,

participants who were

encouraged to 16 how they would feel after viewing an unpleasant picture were

less likely to 17 to

see such an image. These results suggest that imagining the 18 of following

through on one’s

curiosity ahead of time can help determine 19 it is worth the endeavor.

Thinking about long-term 20 is key to reducing the possible negative effects of

curiosity,”Hsee says. In other words, don’t read

online comments.

1. A.ignore B.protect C.discuss D.resolve

答案：D. resolve

考点：词义辨析

解析：文章首段第一句话就交代了全文主旨：Why do people read negative

Internetcomments and do other things that will obviously be painful? 人们浏览网

络负面评论信息以及做一些明显令人痛苦的事情的原因。第二句指出原因：因为人们内心

里有一种____不确定因素需求，空格处所需的动词和后面的宾语 uncertainty 构成动宾结

构。A 选项 ignore，忽略，B 选项 protect，保护，C 选项 discuss，讨论，带入空格

后，语义不通顺，所以不正确。D 选项 resolve，解决、消除，“消除不确定性”符合语

义要求；故正确答案为 D 选项 resolve。

2. A.refuse B.seek C.wait D.regret

答案：B. seek

考点：词义辨析

解析：空格所在句指出：这项新研究表明，这种求知需求如此强烈以至于人们会_____（答

案）来满足他们的好奇心即使他们清楚答案会_____。空格处所填入的词需要和后面隐含的

宾语答案来构成顺畅的语义搭配，只有 B 选项 seek, 试图、设法、寻找,符合要求；A 选

项 refuse,拒绝，C 选 wait,等待，C 选项 regret,遗憾,带入后，语义不通顺。故正确答

案为 B.seek。

3. A.rise B.last C.hurt D.mislead 答案：C.hurt

考点：词义辨析

解析：空格所在句指出：这项新研究表明，这种求知需求如此强烈以至于人们寻找答案

来满足他们的好奇心即使答案明显本句中的 even when（即使）构成了前后的对立关系，

因此空格处所填入的词需和前面的感情色彩词“strong”及语义构成对立，只有 C 选项

hurt

（令人痛苦）符合要求；另外此处的 it is clear that the answer will hurt 也和第一

句中的 that

will obviously be painful 构成了近义复现。故 C 选项为正确答案。

4. A.alert B.expose C.tie D.treat

答案：B.expose

考点：固定短语

解析：空格所在处，构成了___oneself to sth 结构，只有 D 选项 expose 符合要求,使

某人

暴露在……中，故 B 选项 expose 为正确答案。

5. A.trial B.message C.review D.concept

答案：A.trial

考点：词义辨析

解析：本段段首提到“a series of four experiments”，空格所在句给出其中一个实验

的信息，

只有 A 选项 trail 与 experiment 语义相近，故正确答案为 A 选项 trail。

6. A.remove B.deliver C.weaken D.interrupt

答案：B.deliver

考点：语义逻辑

解析：上文指出：For one trial，each participant was shown a pile of pens that

the researcher

claimed were from a previous experiment。在一个试验中，研究人员给每位受试者一

堆笔并声称其源于先前的实验。这是实验的背景。下文具体实验展开，Half of the pens

would…an electric shock when clicked。有一半的比在按下的时候会使人触电。所以

比对选项，要选择 deliver ，发出，递送。因此 B 为正确答案。

7. A.Unless B.If C.When D.Though

答案：C.When

考点：逻辑关系

解析：上文讲的是 Twenty-seven students were told which pens were rigged；

another 27 were told only…研究人员告知了 27 名受试学生哪些笔是内有玄机，而另外

27 名学生只知道有些笔是带电的。下文就是具体的发生的实验状态了。当他们独自在房里

时， … 而不是条件 if， unless 或者转折关系。因此选择 C。

8. A.change B.continue C.disappear D.happen

答案：D.happen

考点：语义逻辑

解析：根据上文的实验背景，试验中 27 个人知道哪些笔是内有玄机，而另外 27 名学生

只知道有些笔是带电的。下面的告知了实验的结论：当他们独自在房里时，那些不知哪些

笔带电的学生按下了更多的笔头，比这些受试者多，后面是定语，显然这些受试者是只上

文被告知的人，所以这些人知道 the students who knew what would happen，强调结果

性。所以选择 D。

9. A.such as B.rather than C.regardless of D.owing to

答案：A.such as

考点：逻辑关系

解析：上文在之后其他刺激因素的实验中，后文讲到具体的实验：指甲刮黑板的声音和令

人生厌的昆虫图片显然这里需要例证关系，故选择 A。

10.A.disagree B.forgive C.discover D.forget

答案：C.discover

考点：语义逻辑

解析：文章开篇提出：The human drive to resolve uncertainty is so strong …人们

对于寻找答案以消除不确定因素总是乐此不疲。再根据上文的实验，都表示这是一种

discover 的需求，越是不确定的，越好奇。故选择 C。

11.A.pay B.food C.marriage D.schooling

答案：B.food

考点：语义逻辑

解析：这个空出现在卡内基梅隆大学（Carnegie Mellon University）的观点中，前后观

点没有任何转折连词，所以前后句应该一脉相承。前文中 the drive is deeply rooted

in human，指的是人类根深蒂固的本性，而且后文也说到 curiosity is a good

instinct（本能），探索的动力在人类中根深蒂固，与食物或避难所的基本动力相当。因

此此处应该选 food。A 选项 pay 支付；C 选项 marriage 婚姻；D 选项 schooling 学习

教育，皆不符合文意。

12. A.begin with B.rest on C.lead to D.learn from

答案：C.lead to

考点：固定搭配

解析：本句意思是：好奇心通常被认为是一种很好的本能——它会________新的科学进

步，此处选择 A 选项 begin with 以…开始，C 选项 lead to 符合文意。B 选项 rest

on 取决于；D 选项 learn from 向…学习, 皆不符合文意。

13. A.inquiry B.withdrawal C.persistence D.diligence

答案：A.inquiry

考点：语义逻辑

解析：but sometimes such ___can backfire。but 一词的出现就说明前后两句话是转折

句义，前文说好奇心会带来新的科学进步；后文的一个指示代词 such 一出现，就证明和

前句的主语是一致的，在此只能选择 curiosity 的近义词，为 A inquiry。B 选项

withdrawal 撤回；C 选项 persistence 坚持； D 选项 diligence 勤奋，皆不符合文

意。

14. A.self-deceptive B.self-reliant C.self-evident D.self-destructive

答案：D.self-destructive

考点：语义逻辑

解析：The insight that curiosity can drive you to do___ things is a profound

one。因为前文有所提示，but sometimes such ___can backfire，有时候好奇心会适得其

反，这句话也是对于

上文的承接，因此这里需要填入的是好奇心带来的副作用的表达，因此选 D self-

destructive 自我毁灭的。A 选项 self-deceptive 自欺欺人的，B 选项 self-reliant

自力更生的；C 选项

self-evident 显而易见的, 皆不符合文意。

15. A.trace B.define C.replace D.resist

答案：D.resist

考点：语义逻辑解析：Unhealthy curiosity is possible to ___， however。这句话之

后出现了论据，用以撑前文的论点：In a final experiment， participants who were

encouraged to predict how they would feel after viewing an unpleasant picture

were less likely to choose to see such an image，在最后的实验中，那些积极预测自

己目睹不太悦目图片感受的受试者，他们选择此类图片的可能性较小。此处 picture were

less likely to choose to see such an image=resist，是对于本段论点句的同义复现，

因为选择 D 选项 resist。A 选项 trace 追踪，B 选项 define 定义；

C 选项 replace 替代,皆不符合文意。

16. A.conceal B.overlook C.design D.predict

答案：D.predict

考点：语义逻辑

解析：本段首句是本段的中心：然而，抵制病态的好奇心理是并非不可能。所以可以预测

出这一段会围绕抵制病态的好奇心会有什么好的影响。In a final

experiment，participants who were encouraged to 16 how they would feel after

viewing an unpleasant picture were less likely to 17 to see such an image.16 题

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