2022年考研英语一试题真题及答案
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2022 年考研英语一试题真题及答案
Section I Use of English
The idea that plants have some degree of consciousness first took root in the early
2000s; the term “plant neurobiology” was ____1____ around the notion that some aspects of
plant behavior could be ____2____ to intelligence in animals. ____3____ plants lack brains,
the firing of electrical signals in their stems and leaves nonetheless triggered responses
that ____4____ consciousness, researchers previously reported.
But such an idea is untrue, according to a new opinion article. Plant biology is complex
and fascinating, but it ____5____ so greatly from that of animals that so-called ____6____
of plants’ intelligence is inconclusive, the authors wrote.
Beginning in 2006, some scientists have ____7____ that plants possess neuron-like cells
that interact with hormones and neurotransmitters, ____8____ “a plant nervous system,
____9____ to that in animals,” said lead study author Lincoln Taiz, “They ____10____
claimed that plants have ‘brain-like command centers’ at their root tips.”
This ____11____ makes sense if you simplify the workings of a complex brain, ____12____
it to an array of electrical pulses; cells in plants also communicate through electrical
signals. ____13____, the signaling in a plant is only ____14____ similar to the firing in a
complex animal brain, which is more than “a mass of cells that communicate by
electricity,” Taiz said.
“ For consciousness to evolve, a brain with a threshold ____15____ of complexity and
capacity is required,” he ____16____.” Since plants don’t have nervous systems, the
____17____ that they have consciousness are effectively zero.”
And what’s so great about consciousness, anyway? Plants can’t run away from
____18____, so investing energy in a body system which ____19____ a threat and can feel pain
would be a very ____20____ evolutionary strategy, according to the article.
1. [A] coined [B] discovered [C] collected [D] issued
2. [A] attributed [B] directed [C] compared [D] confined
3. [A] Unless [B] When [C] Once [D] Though
4. [A] coped with [B] consisted of [C] hinted at [D] extended to
5. [A] suffers [B] benefits [C] develops [D] differs
6. [A] acceptance [B] evidence [C] cultivation [D] creation
7. [A] doubted [B] denied [C] argued [D] requested
8. [A] adapting [B] forming [C] repairing [D] testing
9. [A] analogous [B] essential [C] suitable [D] sensitive
10. [A] just [B] ever [C] still [D] even
11. [A] restriction [B] experiment [C] perspective [D] demand
12. [A] attaching [B] reducing [C] returning [D] exposing
13. [A] However [B] Moreover [C] Therefore [D] Otherwise
14. [A] temporarily [B] literally [C] superficially [D] imaginarily
15. [A] list [B] level [C] label [D] load
16. [A] recalled [B] agreed [C] questioned [D] added
17. [A] chances [B] risks [C] excuses [D] assumptions
18. [A] danger [B] failure [C] warning [D] control
19. [A] represents [B] includes [C] reveals [D] recognizes
20. [A] humble [B] poor [C] practical [D] easy
答案解析：
1. [A] coined
2. [C] compared
3. [D] Though
4. [C] hinted at
5. [D] differs
6. [B] evidence
7. [C] argued
8. [B] forming
9. [A] analogous
10. [D] even
11. [C] perspective
12. [B] reducing
13. [A] However
14. [C] superficially
15. [B] level
16. [D] added
17. [A] chances
18. [A] danger
19. [D] recognizes
20. [B] poor
Section II Reading Comprehension
Part A
Directions:
Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B, C
or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)
Text 1
People often complain that plastics are too durable. Water bottles, shopping bags, and
other trash litter the planet, from Mount Everest to the Mariana Trench, because plastics
are everywhere and don’t break down easily. But some plastic materials change over time.
They crack and frizzle. They “weep” out additives. They melt into sludge. All of which
creates huge headaches for institutions, such as museums, trying to preserve culturally
important objects. The variety of plastic objects at risk is dizzying: early radios, avant-
garde sculptures, celluloid animation stills from Disney films, the first artificial heart.
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属性：19 页
大小：234KB
格式：DOC
时间：2024-11-14
