2005年5月翻译资格考试二级英语笔译实务真题及答案

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2005 年 5 月翻译资格考试二级英语笔译实务真题及答案

Section 1: English-Chinese Translation（英译汉）（60 point）

This section consists of two parts: Part A "Compulsory Translation" and Part B

"Optional Translations" which comprises "Topic 1" and "Topic 2". Translate the

passage in Part A and your choice from passage in Part B into Chinese. Write

"Compulsory Translation" above your translation of Part A and write "Topic 1"

or "Topic 2" above your translation of the passage from Part B. The time for

this section is 100 minutes.

Part A Compulsory Translation （必译题）（30 points）

It was one of those days that the peasant fishermen on this tributary of the

Amazon River dream about.

With water levels falling rapidly at the peak of the dry season, a giant school

of bass, a tasty fish that fetches a good price at markets, was swimming right

into the nets being cast from a dozen small canoes here.

"With a bit of luck, you can make $350 on a day like this," Lauro Souza

Almeida, a leader of the local fishermen's cooperative, exulted as he moved

into position. "That is a fortune for people like us," he said, the equivalent

of four months at the minimum wage earned by those fortunate enough to find

work.

But hovering nearby was a large commercial fishing vessel, a "mother boat"

equipped with large ice chests for storage and hauling more than a dozen

smaller craft. The crew on board was just waiting for the remainder of the fish

to move into the river's main channel, where they intended to scoop up as many

as they could with their efficient gill nets.

A symbol of abundance to the rest of the world, the Amazon is experiencing a

crisis of overfishing. As stocks of the most popular species diminish to

worrisome levels, tensions are growing between subsistence fishermen and their

commercial rivals, who are eager to enrich their bottom line and satisfy the

growing appetite for fish of city-dwellers in Brazil and abroad.

In response, peasants up and down the Amazon, here in Brazil and in neighboring

countries like Peru, are forming cooperatives to control fish catches and

restock their rivers and lakes. But that effort, increasingly successful, has

only encouraged the commercial fishing operations, as well as some of the

peasants' less disciplined neighbors, to step up their depredations.

"The industrial fishing boats, the big 20- to 30-ton vessels, they have a

different mentality than us artisanal fishermen, who have learned to take the

protection of the environment into account," said the president of the local

fishermen's union. "They want to sweep everything up with their dragnets and

then move on, benefiting from our work and sacrifice and leaving us with

nothing."

Part B Optional Translations (二选一题) （30 points）

Ever since the economist David Ricardo offered the basic theory in 1817,

economic scripture has taught that open trade-free of tariffs, quotas,

subsidies or other government distortions-improves the well-being of both

parties. U.S. policy has implemented this doctrine with a vengeance. Why is

free trade said to be universally beneficial? The answer is a doctrine called

"comparative advantage".

Here's a simple analogy. If a surgeon is highly skilled both at doing

operations and performing routine blood tests, it's more efficient for the

surgeon to concentrate on the surgery and pay a less efficient technician to do

the tests, since that allows the surgeon to make the most efficient use of her

own time.

By extension, even if the United States is efficient both at inventing advanced

biotechnologies and at the routine manufacture of medicines, it makes sense for

the United States to let the production work migrate to countries that can make

the stuff more cheaply. Americans get the benefit of the cheaper products and

get to spend their resources on even more valuable pursuits, That, anyway, has

always been the premise. But here Samuelson dissents. What if the lower wage

country also captures the advanced industry?

If enough higher-paying jobs are lost by American workers to outsourcing, he

calculates, then the gain from the cheaper prices may not compensate for the

loss in U.S. purchasing power.

"Free trade is not always a win-win situation," Samuelson concludes. It is

particularly a problem, he says, in a world where large countries with far

lower wages, like India and China, are increasingly able to make almost any

product or offer almost any service performed in the United States.

If America trades freely with them, then the powerful drag of their far lower

will begin dragging down U.S. average wages. The U.S. economy may still grow,

he calculates, but at a lower rate than it otherwise would have.

Uganda's eagerness for genuine development is reflected in its schoolchildren's

smiles and in the fact that so many children are now going to school. Since

1997, when the government began to provide universal primary education, total

primary enrollment had risen from 3 million to 7.6 million in 2004. Schools

have opened where none existed before, although there is some way to go in

reaching the poorest areas of the country.

Uganda has also made strides in secondary and higher education, to the point

that it is attracting many students from other countries. At the secondary

level, enrollment is above 700,000, with the private sector providing the

majority if schools. For those who want to take their education further, there

are 12 private universities in addition to the four publicly funded

institutions, together providing 75,000 places.

Education is seen as a vital component in the fight against poverty. The battle

for better health is

another, although it is one that will take longer to win in a country that

carries a high burden of disease, including malaria and AIDS. Here, the

solutions can only arise from a combination of international support and

government determination to continue spending public money on preventive care

and better public health information.

Current government plants include recruiting thousands of nurses, increasing

the availability of drugs and building 200 new maternity units.

Uganda's high rate of population growth, at 3.6 percent per annum, poses a

special challenge in the fight against poverty, says Finance Minister Gerald

Ssendaula, who points out that the fertility rate, at 6.9 children per female,

is the highest in Africa.

The government's newly revised Poverty Eradication Action Plan (PEAP) puts the

"restoration of security" at the top of the current government agenda. This is

because it estimates that Uganda has lost 3 percent of its gross domestic

product each year that the conflict has persisted. Displaced people are not

only a financial burden, they are unable to the economy.

The other core challenges identified by the revised PEAP are finding ways to

keep the lowest income growing, improving the quality of education, giving

people more control over the size of their families and using public resources

transparently and efficiently. It is a document that other poor countries could

learn from.

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