2006年11月翻译资格考试二级英语笔译实务真题及答案

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2006 年 11 月翻译资格考试二级英语笔译实务真题及答案

第一部分

英译汉必译题

This week and next, governments, international agencies and nongovernmental

organizations are gathering in Mexico City at the World Water Forum to discuss

the legacy of global Mulhollandism in water - and to chart a new course.

They could hardly have chosen a better location. Water is being pumped out of

the aquifer on which Mexico City stands at twice the rate of replenishment. The

result: the city is subsiding at the rate of about half a meter every decade.

You can see the consequences in the cracked cathedrals, the tilting Palace of

Arts and the broken water and sewerage pipes.

Every region of the world has its own variant of the water crisis story. The

mining of groundwaters for irrigation has lowered the water table in parts of

India and Pakistan by 30 meters in the past three decades. As water goes down,

the cost of pumping goes up, undermining the livelihoods of poor farmers.

What is driving the global water crisis? Physical availability is part of the

problem. Unlike oil or coal, water is an infinitely renewable resource, but it

is available in a finite quantity. With water use increasing at twice the rate

of population growth, the amount available per person is shrinking - especially

in some of the poorest countries.

Challenging as physical scarcity may be in some countries, the real problems in

water go deeper. The 20th-century model for water management was based on a

simple idea: that water is an infinitely available free resource to be

exploited, dammed or diverted without reference to scarcity or sustainability.

Across the world, water-based ecological systems - rivers, lakes and watersheds

- have been taken beyond the frontiers of ecological sustainability by policy

makers who have turned a blind eye to the consequences of over- exploitation.

We need a new model of water management for the 21st century. What does that

mean? For starters, we have to stop using water like there"s no tomorrow - and

that means using it more efficiently at levels that do not destroy our

environment. The buzz- phrase at the Mexico Water forum is "integrated water

resource management." What it means is that governments need to manage the

private demand of different users and manage this precious resource in the

public interest.

参考译文：

本周，世界水论坛在墨西哥城开幕，论坛将一直持续到下周。来自政府、国际机构和非政府

组织的代表们齐聚一堂，探讨全球用水遗留问题，共商未来用水大计。

会议选址墨西哥城再合适不过。墨西哥城地下蓄水层的开采速度是地下水补给速度的两倍

由此造成墨西哥城以 10 年 50 厘米的速度不断下沉，现在，这里的许多教堂出现裂隙，

艺术宫日益倾斜，水管和排污管道开裂。

世界上每个地区都面临水危机，只不过表现形式不同而已。在过去 30 年间，印度和巴基

斯坦的部分地区大肆开采地下水用于农业灌溉，致使水位下降了 30 米，开采成本随之升

高，给当地贫苦农民的生计带来严重影响。

全球水危机的成因是什么?部分原因是实际可用水资源短缺。水不同于石油或煤炭，是一

种无限可再生资源，但是可用水资源却十分有限。目前，用水增加速度是人口增速的两倍

人均可用水资源在不断减少，一些最不发达国家尤其如此。

一些国家的实际可用水资源确实存在严重短缺的问题，不过水危机的发生还有其深层次的

原因。20 世纪的水资源管理模式存在问题：人们想当然地认为，水资源取之不竭，用之

不尽，是一种免费资源，人们用水毫无节制，随意修建水坝或开展调水工程，根本意识不

到水资源短缺的问题，也不考虑这种用水模式是否具有可持续性。

世界各地的决策者对过度开采水资源可能产生的后果视而不见、不管不问，现在江河湖泊

等水生态系统都遭到严重破坏，可持续性开始受到威胁。

在 21 世纪，我们必须改变这种水资源管理模式。如何加以改变呢?首先，我们必须摒弃

这种“有今没明”、短视自利的用水模式，提高用水效率，避免对环境造成破坏。本次墨

西哥水论坛的主要议题是“水资源综合管理”，旨在敦促各国政府综合管理不同用水需求

从公共利益出发合理利用宝贵的水资源。

英译汉选译题选译题一

John Kenneth Galbraith, the iconoclastic economist, teacher and diplomat, died

Saturday at a hospital in Cambridge, Massachusetts。He was 97.

Mr. Galbraith was one of the most widely read authors in the history of

economics; among his 33 books was "The Affluent Society" (1958), one of those

rare works that forces a nation to re-examine its values. He wrote fluidly,

even on complex topics, and many of his compelling phrases — among them "the

affluent society," "conventional wisdom" and "countervailing power" — became

part of the language.

An imposing presence, lanky and angular at 6 feet 8 inches tall, Mr. Galbraith

was consulted frequently by national leaders, and he gave advice freely, though

it may have been ignored as often as it was taken. Mr. Galbraith clearly

preferred taking issue with the conventional wisdom he distrusted.

Mr. Galbraith, a revered lecturer for generations of Harvard students,

nonetheless always commanded attention.

From the 1930"s to the 1990"s Mr. Galbraith helped define the terms of the

national political debate, influencing both the direction of the Democratic

Party and the thinking of its leaders.

He tutored Adlai E. Stevenson, the Democratic nominee for president in 1952 and

1956, on Keynesian economics. He advised President John F. Kennedy (often over

lobster stew at the Locke-Ober restaurant in their beloved Boston) and served

as his ambassador to India.

Though he eventually broke with President Lyndon B. Johnson over the war in

Vietnam,he helped conceive of Mr. Johnson"s Great Society program and wrote a

major presidential address that outlined its purposes. In 1968, pursuing his

opposition to the war, he helped Senator Eugene J. McCarthy seek the Democratic

nomination for president.

In the course of his long career, he undertook a number of government

assignments, including the organization of price controls in World War II and

speechwriting for Presidents Franklin D. Roosevelt, Kennedy and Johnson.

He drew on his experiences in government to write three satirical novels. He

took on the Harvard economics department with "A Tenured Professor,"

ridiculing, among others, a certain outspoken character who bore no small

resemblance to himself.

At his death, Mr. Galbraith was the emeritus professor of economics at Harvard,

where he had taught for most of his career. A popular lecturer, he treated

economics as an aspect of society and culture rather than as an arcane

discipline of numbers.

参考译文：

反传统经济学家、教育家和外交家约翰肯﹒格贝斯于周六在马萨诸塞州剑桥的一家医院去

世，享年 97 岁。

约翰肯﹒格贝斯的经济学论著读者众多，他一生共著有 33 本巨作，其中 1958 年出

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